CABI-UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY, UK.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 3;10(1):10966. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67871-0.
Impatiens glandulifera or Himalayan balsam (HB), is an invasive alien weed throughout the British Isles (BI). Classical biological control of HB in the BI using a rust fungus from the Himalayan native range was implemented in 2014. However, not all HB populations are susceptible to the two rust strains currently released. Additional strains are needed that infect resistant populations in order to achieve successful control. These are best sourced from the historical collecting sites. A molecular analysis was conducted using six chloroplast DNA sequences from leaf material from across the BI and the native range. Herbarium samples collected in the Himalayas between 1881 and 1956 were also included. Phylogenetic analyses resulted in the separation of two distinct groups, one containing samples from the BI and the native range, and the other from the BI only; suggesting that HB was introduced into the BI on at least two occasions. The former group is composed of two subgroups, indicating a third introduction. Ten and 15 haplotypes were found in the introduced and native range respectively, and with two of these found in both regions. Results show where to focus future surveys in the native range to find more compatible rust strains.
铃兰凤仙花（HB）或喜玛拉雅凤仙花，是一种遍及不列颠群岛（BI）的入侵外来杂草。2014 年，使用来自喜玛拉雅本土范围的锈菌对 BI 中的 HB 进行了经典的生物控制。然而，并非所有 HB 种群都容易受到目前释放的两种锈菌菌株的影响。为了实现成功的控制，需要额外的菌株来感染抗性种群。这些菌株最好从历史采集地点获得。使用来自 BI 和原生范围的叶片材料的六个叶绿体 DNA 序列对其进行了分子分析。还包括了在 1881 年至 1956 年期间在喜马拉雅山采集的标本。系统发育分析导致两个不同的组分离，一个包含来自 BI 和原生范围的样本，另一个仅来自 BI；这表明 HB 至少被引入 BI 两次。前一组由两个亚组组成，表明进行了第三次引入。在引入和原生范围内分别发现了 10 和 15 种单倍型，其中两种在两个地区都有发现。结果表明，在原生范围内应将未来的调查重点放在何处，以找到更相容的锈菌菌株。
