Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box: 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran.
Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mol Biol Rep. 2020 Jul;47(7):5305-5314. doi: 10.1007/s11033-020-05610-4. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
The neuromuscular junction underwent adaptations to meet the demands of muscles following increased muscle activity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), endurance training (END), and mixed interval training (MIX) on the gene expression of the calcitonin gene-related peptide-α (CGRP-α), CGRP receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR)-β and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) among different muscle types. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (n = 8), END (n = 8), HIIT (n = 8), and MIX (n = 8). The animals run each training protocol for 8 weeks (five sessions/week). Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the muscles gastrocnemius and soleus were excised under the sterilized situation. After collection, the material was prepared for RNA extraction, Reverse Transcriptase reaction, and qPCR assay. The HIIT training up-regulated the CGRP-α (p < 0.01), CGRP-Rec (p < 0.01), and GDNF (p < 0.01) in soleus as well as the nAchR-β (p < 0.01) and GDNF (p < 0.01) in gastrocnemius muscles. END training down-regulated the gene expression of CGRP-α (p < 0.01), and nAchR-β (p < 0.01) in gastrocnemius but up-regulated nAchR-β (p = 0.037) in soleus and GDNF (p < 0.01) in gastrocnemius muscles. MIX training did not show any significant up or down-regulation. The endurance performance of HIIT and MIX groups was higher than the END group (p < 0.01). All studied genes up-regulated by HIIT training in a muscle type-specific manner. It seems that the improvement of some synaptic indices induced by HIIT resulted in the improvement of endurance performance.
神经肌肉接头会发生适应性变化，以满足肌肉活动增加后的需求。本研究旨在探讨高强度间歇训练（HIIT）、耐力训练（END）和混合间歇训练（MIX）对不同肌肉类型中降钙素基因相关肽-α（CGRP-α）、CGRP 受体、烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAchR）-β和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）基因表达的影响。雄性 Wistar 大鼠被随机分为四组：对照组（n = 8）、END 组（n = 8）、HIIT 组（n = 8）和 MIX 组（n = 8）。动物进行了 8 周的训练（每周 5 次）。最后一次训练结束后 48 小时，在无菌条件下切除比目鱼肌和腓肠肌。采集后，将材料准备进行 RNA 提取、逆转录反应和 qPCR 检测。HIIT 训练上调了比目鱼肌和腓肠肌的 CGRP-α（p < 0.01）、CGRP-Rec（p < 0.01）和 GDNF（p < 0.01），以及腓肠肌的 nAchR-β（p < 0.01）和 GDNF（p < 0.01）。END 训练下调了腓肠肌的 CGRP-α（p < 0.01）和 nAchR-β（p < 0.01），但上调了比目鱼肌的 nAchR-β（p = 0.037）和腓肠肌的 GDNF（p < 0.01）。MIX 训练没有表现出任何显著的上调或下调。HIIT 和 MIX 组的耐力表现高于 END 组（p < 0.01）。HIIT 训练在肌肉类型特异性上调了所有研究基因。似乎 HIIT 诱导的一些突触指标的改善导致了耐力表现的提高。
