College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jinzhou 434025, China.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Jun 25;12(6):419. doi: 10.3390/toxins12060419.
The trichothecene mycotoxins contaminate cereal grains and have been related to alimentary toxicosis resulted in emetic response. This family of mycotoxins comprises type A to D groups of toxic sesquiterpene chemicals. Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), one of the most toxic type A trichothecenes, is considered to be a potential risk for human and animal health by the European Food Safety Authority. Other type A trichothecenes, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, as well as type B trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON), have been previously demonstrated to induce emetic response in the mink, and this response has been associated with the plasma elevation of neurotransmitters peptide YY (PYY) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). However, it is found that not all the type A and type B trichothecenes have the capacity to induce PYY and 5-HT. It is necessary to identify the roles of these two emetogenic mediators on DAS-induced emesis. The goal of this study was to determine the emetic effect of DAS and relate this effect to PYY and 5-HT, using a mink bioassay. Briefly, minks were fasted one day before experiment and given DAS by intraperitoneally and orally dosing on the experiment day. Then, emetic episodes were calculated and blood collection was employed for PYY and 5-HT test. DAS elicited robust emetic responses that corresponded to upraised PYY and 5-HT. Blocking the neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R) diminished emesis induction by PYY and DAS. The serotonin 3 receptor (5-HT3R) inhibitor granisetron totally restrained the induction of emesis by serotonin and DAS. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that PYY and 5-HT have critical roles in DAS-induced emetic response.
单端孢霉烯族毒素污染谷物，并与导致呕吐反应的食源性中毒有关。该类真菌毒素由 A 至 D 组毒性倍半萜烯化学物质组成。二乙酰氧基藨草镰刀菌烯醇（DAS）是最具毒性的 A 型单端孢霉烯族毒素之一，被欧洲食品安全局认为是人类和动物健康的潜在风险。其他 A 型单端孢霉烯族毒素，如 T-2 毒素和 HT-2 毒素，以及 B 型单端孢霉烯族毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON），此前已被证明会引起水貂呕吐反应，这种反应与神经递质肽 YY（PYY）和血清素（5-羟色胺，5-HT）的血浆水平升高有关。然而，并非所有 A 型和 B 型单端孢霉烯族毒素都具有诱导 PYY 和 5-HT 的能力。有必要确定这两种致吐介质在 DAS 诱导呕吐中的作用。本研究的目的是使用水貂生物测定法确定 DAS 的致吐作用，并将这种作用与 PYY 和 5-HT 联系起来。简而言之，水貂在实验前一天禁食，并在实验当天通过腹腔内和口服给予 DAS。然后计算呕吐发作次数，并采集血液进行 PYY 和 5-HT 测试。DAS 引起了强烈的呕吐反应，与 PYY 和 5-HT 的升高相对应。阻断神经肽 Y2 受体（NPY2R）可减少 PYY 和 DAS 诱导的呕吐。5-羟色胺 3 受体（5-HT3R）抑制剂格兰司琼完全抑制了 5-HT 和 DAS 诱导的呕吐。总之，我们的研究结果表明，PYY 和 5-HT 在 DAS 诱导的呕吐反应中起关键作用。
