Associate Professor, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Disasters. 2021 Oct;45(4):865-886. doi: 10.1111/disa.12451. Epub 2021 May 3.
The quantity of literature on the livelihoods of refugees is increasing, yet there is a lack of comparative analysis of their strategies in this regard vis-à-vis their host communities and living locations. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in the city of Nairobi and Kakuma Camp in Kenya in 2016-17, this paper narrows the gap by presenting an examination of the economic activities in which refugees in different contexts engage, and highlighting some of the institutional factors that distinguish refugees' economic lives from those of members of the host community. The findings suggest that while some Kenyans are encumbered by challenges comparable to those faced by refugees, the myriad political, legal, and policy factors that characterise refugeehood are nonetheless particular in the ways that they influence livelihoods. By emphasising the multiple actors and aspects that shape refugees' economic strategies, this paper also reveals the political economy within which refugee livelihoods are embedded.
关于难民生计的文献数量在不断增加，但在这方面，难民与收容社区和居住地点之间的策略比较分析却很少。本文利用 2016-17 年在内罗毕市和肯尼亚卡卡马难民营进行的实地调查，缩小了这一差距，探讨了不同背景下难民从事的经济活动，并强调了一些制度因素，这些因素将难民的经济生活与收容社区成员的经济生活区分开来。研究结果表明，虽然一些肯尼亚人面临着与难民相当的挑战，但难民身份所具有的无数政治、法律和政策因素，在影响生计方面确实具有特殊性。本文通过强调塑造难民经济策略的多个行为体和方面，揭示了难民生计所嵌入的政治经济环境。
