Katayama Osamu, Lee Sangyoon, Makino Keitaro, Chiba Ippei, Bae Seongryu, Shinkai Yohei, Harada Kenji, Shimada Hiroyuki
Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
J Clin Med. 2020 Jul 4;9(7):2109. doi: 10.3390/jcm9072109.
Many of the modifiable risk factors for dementia are lifestyle-related, and multidomain interventions tailored to individual lifestyles are recommended to prevent cognitive decline and dementia. However, studies of the relationship between the environment and cognitive function have shown that cognitive disorders and dementia are more prevalent in rural areas than in urban areas. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of lifestyle activities on the association between neighborhood amenities and cognitive function. Our data were measured between August 2011 and February 2012. Participants comprised 3786 older adults (mean age: 71.5 years, standard deviation (SD) = ±5.2). We categorized neighborhood amenities as institutional resources that promote cognitively beneficial activities such as physical activity. We calculated the Walk Score for all participants using their home address and divided them into three groups. We assessed their 12 lifestyle activities performed outdoors. Cognitive function was measured via Mini-Mental Status Exam, word list memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed. We found that participants who were more likely to report many lifestyle activities were more likely to have normal cognition, even in areas where neighborhood amenities were scarce. The clinical significance of this study is that increased lifestyle activity contributes to the prevention of cognitive decline.
许多可改变的痴呆风险因素都与生活方式有关，因此建议针对个人生活方式进行多领域干预，以预防认知能力下降和痴呆。然而，关于环境与认知功能之间关系的研究表明，认知障碍和痴呆在农村地区比在城市地区更为普遍。本研究的目的是阐明生活方式活动在邻里便利设施与认知功能之间的关联中所起的作用。我们的数据是在2011年8月至2012年2月期间测量的。参与者包括3786名老年人（平均年龄：71.5岁，标准差（SD）=±5.2）。我们将邻里便利设施归类为促进有益认知活动（如体育活动）的机构资源。我们使用参与者的家庭住址计算了所有参与者的步行指数，并将他们分为三组。我们评估了他们在户外进行的12项生活方式活动。认知功能通过简易精神状态检查表、单词列表记忆、注意力、执行功能和处理速度进行测量。我们发现，即使在邻里便利设施稀缺的地区，那些更有可能报告进行了许多生活方式活动的参与者更有可能拥有正常认知。本研究的临床意义在于，增加生活方式活动有助于预防认知能力下降。
