Chitnis Nilesh Sunil, Shieh Mengkai, Monos Dimitri
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Hum Immunol. 2021 Jul;82(7):532-540. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.06.005. Epub 2020 Jul 4.
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a 4 Mbp genomic region located on the short arm of chromosome 6. The MHC region contains many key immune-related genes such as Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs). There has been a growing realization that, apart from MHC encoded proteins, RNAs derived from noncoding regions of the MHC-specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)-play a significant role in cellular regulation. Furthermore, regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) derived from other parts of the genome fine-tune the expression of many immune-related MHC proteins. Although the field of ncRNAs of the MHC is a research area that is still in its infancy, ncRNA regulation of MHC genes has already been shown to be vital for immune function, healthy pregnancy and cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of this intricate network of ncRNAs can lead to serious perturbations in homeostasis and subsequent disease.
主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）是位于6号染色体短臂上的一个4兆碱基对的基因组区域。MHC区域包含许多关键的免疫相关基因，如人类白细胞抗原（HLA）。人们越来越认识到，除了MHC编码的蛋白质外，源自MHC非编码区域的RNA——特别是微小RNA（miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）——在细胞调节中发挥着重要作用。此外，源自基因组其他部分的调节性非编码RNA（ncRNA）对许多免疫相关MHC蛋白的表达进行微调。尽管MHC的ncRNA领域仍处于起步阶段，但ncRNA对MHC基因的调节已被证明对免疫功能、健康妊娠和细胞稳态至关重要。这个复杂的ncRNA网络失调会导致体内稳态的严重紊乱及随后的疾病。
