Soltaninezhad Mohammad, Bavali Ali, Nazifinia Ziba, Soleimani Vahid
Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran.
Department of Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Medical Centre, Tehran, Iran.
Biomed Opt Express. 2020 May 11;11(6):2996-3008. doi: 10.1364/BOE.393079. eCollection 2020 Jun 1.
Investigating the deformation of tissue architecture is one of the most important clinical methods for cancer diagnosis. Optical methods are now widely developed for rapid, precise, and real-time assessment of these alterations at the microscopic scale. One of the proposed methods is enhanced backscattering (EBS) technique that allows in-vivo measurement of the optical scattering characteristics. Here, EBS technique is employed to evaluate the optical anisotropy of human epithelial tissues as a measure to distinguish between normal and cancerous one. Orientation dependence of the mean scattering length is assessed in healthy and cancerous tissues of five different human organs i. e. uterus, bladder, colon, kidney, and liver. Helicity preserving channel and rotating ground glass diffuser are utilized to eliminate the polarization induced anisotropy and the background speckle noises respectively. Analysis of the backscattering cones recorded by a high-resolution CCD camera reveals the modification of the strength and degree of optical anisotropy in different tissues during cancer progression. Pathology data affirm the correlation between the experimental results and the morphological alteration of the epithelial cells in each carcinoma type. In general, tissues with fibrous constructional cells are subject to a decrease in anisotropy due to cancer, whereas those with cuboidal cells experience an increase in anisotropy. This complementary information enhances the potency of the EBS technique as a fast, non-destructive, and easily accessible tool for real-time tissue diagnosis.
研究组织结构的变形是癌症诊断中最重要的临床方法之一。目前，光学方法已得到广泛发展，用于在微观尺度上对这些变化进行快速、精确和实时评估。其中一种被提出的方法是增强背散射（EBS）技术，它能够对光学散射特性进行体内测量。在此，采用EBS技术来评估人体上皮组织的光学各向异性，以此作为区分正常组织和癌组织的一种手段。在子宫、膀胱、结肠、肾脏和肝脏这五种不同人体器官的健康组织和癌组织中评估平均散射长度的方向依赖性。利用保偏通道和旋转毛玻璃扩散器分别消除偏振诱导各向异性和背景散斑噪声。对高分辨率CCD相机记录的背散射锥进行分析，揭示了癌症进展过程中不同组织光学各向异性强度和程度的变化。病理数据证实了实验结果与每种癌症类型上皮细胞形态改变之间的相关性。一般来说，具有纤维状结构细胞的组织会因癌症而导致各向异性降低，而具有立方形细胞的组织各向异性则会增加。这些补充信息增强了EBS技术作为一种快速、无损且易于使用的实时组织诊断工具的效能。
