Evans David V, Jopson Andrew D, Andrilla C Holly A, Longenecker Randall L, Patterson Davis G
Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH.
Fam Med. 2020 Jun;52(7):474-482. doi: 10.22454/FamMed.2020.470334.
Increased medical school class sizes and new medical schools have not addressed the workforce inadequacies in primary care or underserved settings. While there is substantial evidence that student attributes predict practice specialty and location, little is known about how schools use these factors in admissions processes. We sought to describe admissions strategies to recruit students likely to practice in primary care or underserved settings.
We surveyed admissions personnel at US allopathic and osteopathic medical schools in 2018 about targeted admissions strategies aimed at recruitment and selection of students likely to practice rurally, in urban underserved areas, or in primary care Results: One hundred thirty-three of 185 (71.8%) US medical schools responded. Respondents reported targeted admissions strategies as follows: rural, 69.2%; urban underserved, 67.4%; and primary care, 45.3%. Nearly 90% reported some type of recruitment outreach to 4-year universities, but much less to community colleges. Student characteristics used to identify those likely to practice in targeted areas were largely evidence-based. Strategies to select students varied widely.
Most responding US medical schools reported a targeted process to recruit and select students likely to practice in rural, urban underserved, or primary care settings, indicating widespread awareness of workforce challenges. This study also demonstrates varying approaches to and allocation of resources toward admissions targeting, especially the application and interviewing processes. Understanding how schools identify and admit students likely to practice in these fields is a first step in identifying best practices for selective admissions focused on addressing workforce gaps.
医学院班级规模的扩大以及新医学院的设立，并未解决初级保健或医疗服务不足地区劳动力短缺的问题。虽然有大量证据表明学生特质能够预测其执业专科和地点，但对于学校在招生过程中如何运用这些因素却知之甚少。我们试图描述招生策略，以招收可能在初级保健或医疗服务不足地区执业的学生。
2018年，我们对美国所有opathic和osteopathic医学院的招生人员进行了调查，了解旨在招收和选拔可能在农村、城市医疗服务不足地区或初级保健领域执业的学生的定向招生策略。结果：185所美国医学院中有133所（71.8%）做出了回应。受访者报告的定向招生策略如下：农村地区，69.2%；城市医疗服务不足地区，67.4%；初级保健领域，45.3%。近90%的受访者报告了针对四年制大学的某种形式的招生宣传，但针对社区学院的宣传则少得多。用于识别可能在目标地区执业的学生的特征在很大程度上是基于证据的。选拔学生的策略差异很大。
大多数做出回应的美国医学院报告了一个定向流程，以招收和选拔可能在农村、城市医疗服务不足地区或初级保健领域执业的学生，这表明对劳动力挑战的广泛认识。这项研究还展示了针对招生目标的不同方法和资源分配，尤其是在申请和面试过程中。了解学校如何识别和录取可能在这些领域执业的学生，是确定专注于解决劳动力缺口的选择性招生最佳实践的第一步。
