Department of Environmental and Engineering Management, College of Earth Sciencess, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
College of Health Sciences, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Jul 8;20(1):1075. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08670-0.
Solid waste management is both an urban and rural problem because every person is considered a producer of wastes. It has been noted to be a global universal issue, which affects every individual, families, communities and governments and thus, needs to be addressed through sustainable strategies. This study aimed at characterizing solid wastes; assessing the levels of awareness of vendors on the sustainable solid waste management measures; and identifying techniques used to handle solid waste generated at the Majengo market in Dodoma City, Tanzania.
The study adopted an exploratory descriptive case study, with a mixed research approaches with a minimum sample of 196 conviniently selected respondents. Semi-structured questionnaires developed by the researcher were the main data collection tools to characterize solid wastes, measure levels of awareness about sustainable solid waste management approaches (SWM) and identify solid waste handling techniques among vendors at the market. Quantitative and Qualitative data were analyzed by using the Statistical Product for Social Sciences version 23 and thematic analysis respectively.
Findings showed that 55% of vendors were males. Majority of the sampled vendors (56%) were not aware of SWM. On the other hand, crops/food and animal product remains were reported to be the most generated solid wastes (94.4%) with the rate of > 2 tons/day equivalent to 72.4% of the overall solid waste generation at the market. SWM services were reported to be provided by City council (85.7%) with the main equipment/tool used to store solid wastes (SW) being containers without lids (88.3%). The dumpsite was the main site for SW disposal (80.1%). Nevertheless, 92.9% of the sampled vendors reported that SWM strategies were there at the market though not adhered to accordingly.
Vendors were not aware of sustainable solid waste management measures existing at the market. However, vendors' education levels and the duration of doing business at the market were related to their levels of awareness on SWM (p < 0.05). The SWM measures were found to exist at the market, however, they were not sustainable because it was reported that they were ineffectively and inefficiently used to control SW generation, collection, storage, and disposal. There is a need of regular awareness-raising activities about sustainable SWM measures among vendors. Moreover, city council and market authorities need to have sustainable and scheduled implementation, supervision, monitoring and evaluation of SWM measures to maintain the management of solid wastes at Majengo market premises.
固体废物管理既是城市问题，也是农村问题，因为每个人都被视为废物的产生者。它被认为是一个全球性的普遍问题，影响到每个人、家庭、社区和政府，因此需要通过可持续战略来解决。本研究旨在对固体废物进行特征描述；评估摊贩对可持续固体废物管理措施的认识水平；并确定在坦桑尼亚多多马市马真戈市场产生的固体废物所使用的处理技术。
本研究采用探索性描述性案例研究，采用混合研究方法，对 196 名方便选取的受访者进行了最小样本量研究。研究人员制定的半结构化问卷是主要的数据收集工具，用于对固体废物进行特征描述，衡量摊贩对可持续固体废物管理方法（SWM）的认识水平，并确定市场上摊贩处理固体废物的技术。使用统计产品为社会科学版本 23 对定量数据进行分析，使用专题分析对定性数据进行分析。
研究结果表明，55%的摊贩为男性。抽样摊贩中，大多数（56%）摊贩不了解 SWM。另一方面，报告称农作物/食品和动物产品残余物是产生最多的固体废物（94.4%），每天产生的固体废物量超过 2 吨，相当于市场上产生的固体废物总量的 72.4%。据报道，城市议会（85.7%）提供 SWM 服务，主要用于储存固体废物（SW）的设备/工具是无盖容器（88.3%）。垃圾场是 SW 处置的主要场所（80.1%）。然而，92.9%的抽样摊贩报告称，市场上存在 SWM 战略，但并未相应遵守。
摊贩不了解市场上现有的可持续固体废物管理措施。然而，摊贩的教育水平和在市场上的经营时间与他们对 SWM 的认识水平有关（p<0.05）。虽然报告称 SWM 措施在市场上得到了实施，但由于其在控制 SW 产生、收集、储存和处置方面的使用效果不佳，效率不高，因此这些措施并不具有可持续性。有必要定期提高摊贩对可持续 SWM 措施的认识。此外，市议会和市场管理当局需要对 SWM 措施进行可持续和定期的实施、监督、监测和评估，以维持马真戈市场场地的固体废物管理。
