Donovan Richard L., Khan Yusuf S.
North Bristol NHS Trust
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.
The inferior gluteal nerve orientates from the sacral plexus, carrying fibers from the dorsal branches of the ventral rami of L5, S1, and S2 nerve roots. The inferior gluteal nerve provides motor function to the gluteus maximus, a major muscle involved in hip extension, as well as external rotation of the hip joint. The nerve does not confer any sensation. The inferior gluteal nerve is a branch of the sciatic plexus. It initially lies anterior to the piriformis muscle in the pelvis. The inferior gluteal nerve typically exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, coursing underneath the piriformis muscle before dividing into several branches. These branches continue posteriorly and enter the gluteus maximus muscle on its deep surface. The inferior gluteal nerve courses the deep surface of the gluteus maximus 5 to 6 cm from the tip of the greater trochanter and the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) and entering into the inferior third of the muscle belly. The inferior gluteal nerve is always seen in close relation to the inferior gluteal artery. The inferior gluteal nerve is a motor nerve to the gluteus maximus. It is therefore responsible for extending the trunk from a forward bending position and extending the hip from sitting-to-standing activity or during stair-climbing or rising from a squatted position.
臀下神经起自骶丛，由腰5、骶1和骶2神经根前支的背侧支发出纤维。臀下神经为臀大肌提供运动功能，臀大肌是参与髋关节伸展及外旋的主要肌肉。该神经不传导任何感觉。臀下神经是坐骨丛的一个分支。它最初位于盆腔内梨状肌前方。臀下神经通常经坐骨大孔出盆腔，在梨状肌下方走行，然后分成数支。这些分支继续向后走行，在臀大肌深面进入该肌。臀下神经在距大转子尖和髂后上棘5至6厘米处走行于臀大肌深面，并进入肌腹的下三分之一。臀下神经总是与臀下动脉关系密切。臀下神经是支配臀大肌的运动神经。因此，它负责在身体从前倾位伸展躯干，以及在从坐姿到站立活动、爬楼梯或从蹲位起身时伸展髋关节。
