Hoyle Abigail T., Puckett Yana
Cape Fear Valley Medical Center
Orlando Health Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida
Endometriosis is a common, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory, gynecologic disease process in which normal endometrial tissue is abnormally present outside the uterine cavity. Endometriomas are cystic lesions that stem from endometriosis. Endometriomas are most commonly found in the ovaries. Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of reproductive-aged women and is a common cause of chronic pain, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Most commonly, endometriosis is found within the pelvis, specifically on the ovaries. Endometriomas are the most common manifestation of endometriosis on the ovary. However, implants can also be found throughout the abdomen, such as on the bowel, within prior surgical incisions, and even in rare cases in distant locations of the body, such as the cerebellum. Approximately 17 to 44% of women diagnosed with endometriosis will experience an endometrioma. These lesions are commonly referred to as chocolate cysts due to the thick, dark brown appearance of the fluid contained within them. Endometriomas indicate a more severe disease state in patients with endometriosis and can lead to specific issues, such as decreased ovarian reserve.
子宫内膜异位症是一种常见的、雌激素依赖的、炎症性的妇科疾病，在此疾病过程中，正常的子宫内膜组织异常出现在子宫腔外。卵巢巧克力囊肿是源于子宫内膜异位症的囊性病变。卵巢巧克力囊肿最常出现在卵巢中。子宫内膜异位症影响约10%的育龄妇女，是慢性疼痛、性交困难、痛经和不孕的常见原因。最常见的是，子宫内膜异位症出现在盆腔内，特别是在卵巢上。卵巢巧克力囊肿是卵巢子宫内膜异位症最常见的表现形式。然而，植入物也可能出现在整个腹部，如在肠道上、先前的手术切口内，甚至在极少数情况下出现在身体的远处，如小脑。大约17%至44%被诊断为子宫内膜异位症的女性会出现卵巢巧克力囊肿。由于这些囊肿内所含液体呈浓稠的深褐色，这些病变通常被称为巧克力囊肿。卵巢巧克力囊肿表明子宫内膜异位症患者中更严重的疾病状态，并可能导致特定问题，如卵巢储备功能下降。
