Clark Casey, Ledrick David, Moore Aaron
Mercy St Vincent Medical Center
Mercy St Vincent's Toledo Ohio
According to the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, nearly half a million burn injuries were treated in U.S. emergency departments in 2017. Approximately 7% of these were admitted to the hospital for further management, with a 96.7% survival rate. Despite the relatively low mortality, burn injuries remain one of the leading causes of accidental death or injury in the U.S. Beyond mortality, burn injuries are associated with significant morbidity, especially facial burns. Patients with facial burns present the clinician with the challenge of treating both functional and aesthetic needs. At its most basic, the face is needed for breathing and oral intake. It is also remarkably complex in its anatomy, providing us with sight, hearing, and smell. Beyond basic functionality, the human aspect of the face is significant; it is central to communication and how we interact with one another. Facial burns cause scarring and deformity that extend far deeper than superficial tissue damage. By impacting our identity and ability to function normally in society, we significantly diminish our quality of life. Facial burns have many long-term physical, psychological and social sequelae. They require a healthcare team approach to management, which could last months to years. Burn mortality in developed countries has been continually declining over the past few decades. This is generally attributed to many factors, including improvements in treatment, safer work environments, and better-engineered consumer products. Optimal burn management and reconstruction can improve functional and aesthetic outcomes, improving quality of life. We continue to see technological advances that are being applied to burn management, and they could potentially lead to further improvements in morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, especially facial injuries, require a multidisciplinary healthcare team for comprehensive management. Multiple clinicians are usually involved over the course of treatment, and what one does in the short term affects the options others have in the long term. It is important that anyone treating facial burns understands the continuum of care in order to make the best decisions for treating the immediate problem.
根据美国国家医院门诊医疗调查，2017年美国急诊科治疗了近50万例烧伤。其中约7%的患者因进一步治疗而住院，生存率为96.7%。尽管死亡率相对较低，但烧伤仍是美国意外死亡或受伤的主要原因之一。除了死亡率，烧伤还与严重的发病率相关，尤其是面部烧伤。面部烧伤患者给临床医生带来了治疗功能和美观需求的挑战。最基本的是，面部对于呼吸和经口摄入至关重要。其解剖结构也非常复杂，为我们提供视觉、听觉和嗅觉。除了基本功能外，面部的人文因素也很重要；它是沟通以及我们如何相互交流的核心。面部烧伤导致的疤痕和畸形远比表面组织损伤严重得多。通过影响我们的身份认同和在社会中正常生活的能力，我们的生活质量大幅下降。面部烧伤有许多长期的身体、心理和社会后遗症。它们需要医疗团队的管理方法，这可能持续数月至数年。在过去几十年里，发达国家的烧伤死亡率一直在持续下降。这通常归因于许多因素，包括治疗的改善、更安全的工作环境和设计更好的消费品。最佳的烧伤管理和重建可以改善功能和美观效果，提高生活质量。我们不断看到应用于烧伤管理的技术进步，它们可能会进一步降低发病率和死亡率。烧伤，尤其是面部损伤，需要多学科医疗团队进行综合管理。在治疗过程中通常会有多名临床医生参与，而且一个人在短期内的操作会影响其他人在长期内的选择。任何治疗面部烧伤的人都必须了解连续的护理过程，以便为处理当前问题做出最佳决策。
