Stiffness Prediction of Connections between CHS Tubes and Externally Welded I-Beams: FE Analyses and Analytical Study.

Double-tee profiles are the most popular members in Europe and the USA for steel structures. However, more efficient cross-sections, such as circular hollow sections (CHSs), could be adopted, since they can provide higher aesthetic, economic and mechanical benefits, with the only drawback of more complex connections such as in the case of I-beams welded to the external surface of circular hollow profiles. Based on the ring model theory, developed by Togo, a rule to design the flexural resistance of such a connection has been included in the Eurocode 3 part 1.8, while no formulations are provided to predict the corresponding initial stiffness. The present work aims at filling this knowledge gap, adopting an approach based on experimental, numerical and analytical work. A monotonic and a cyclic test have been performed on two beam-to-column sub-assemblies; the experimental outcomes have been exploited to validate a finite element (FE) model developed in Abaqus and used to numerically perform the monotonic loading simulations of 30 joints. Afterwards, starting from the extracted information about stiffness, a regression analysis was carried out to define the coefficient of a design equation analytically derived applying the component method approach. The regression analysis is characterized by a coefficient of variation equal to 0.19.