Kaltreider N B, Horowitz M J
Compr Ther. 1977 Jun;3(6):38-40.
The normal response to stress can be understood in terms of periods of outcry, denial, and intrusive thoughts leading to working-through to completion. The general physician who understands this pattern can assist the patient through the denial phase by encouraging ventilation and through the intrusive phase by providing structure, advice, and medication to temper the painful feelings. With such assistance, most patients can integrate the stress event into their lives, with the duration of response related to the severity of the stress. A year of stress response after the death of a loved one is common. Psychiatric referral is indicated if the stress response seems unduly prolonged, has lead to maladjustive reactions, is disproportionate to the actual loss, or threatens to overwhelm the person.
对压力的正常反应可以从呼喊期、否认期和侵入性思维期来理解，这些阶段会引导患者逐渐度过难关直至恢复。了解这种模式的普通内科医生可以通过鼓励倾诉来帮助患者度过否认期，并在侵入期通过提供条理、建议和药物来缓解痛苦情绪。在这种帮助下，大多数患者能够将压力事件融入他们的生活，反应持续时间与压力的严重程度相关。亲人去世后一年的压力反应是常见的。如果压力反应似乎过度延长、导致了适应不良的反应、与实际损失不成比例或有可能压垮当事人，就需要转介精神科治疗。
