Kim Wooksoo, Kim Sungjae
Immigrant and Refugee Research Institute, School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 685 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260-1050, USA.
College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2020 Sep;35(3):291-310. doi: 10.1007/s10823-020-09407-7.
After migrating to the United States, older Korean immigrants may increase their gambling participation and be at higher risk for problem gambling. However, not much is known about their experiences and beliefs on gambling. The purpose of the present study was to explore gambling behaviors and shared beliefs about gambling among older Korean immigrants residing in New York City. A total of 20 semi-structured in-depth interviews (10 men and 10 women) were conducted in Korean. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings revealed three major categories among older Korean immigrants. The first category, cultural beliefs, has three subcategories (i.e., gambling is unethical, fear of addiction, and losing everything) and refers to negative beliefs about gambling. The second category, adaptation, refers to positive attitudes they acquired as they adjusted to the new gambling environment (i.e., harmless leisure, coping strategies, and excitement in life). Last, they revealed ambivalence about gambling (i.e., changes in gambling environment, 'my gambling' is different, and gambling in secrecy). Overall, older Korean immigrants have retained their cultural beliefs about gambling, even as they have embraced the legalized gambling environment and changed social norms of the U.S. However, they have trouble reconciling the differences between their beliefs, behaviors, values, and newly acquired norms. Findings point to a need for healthy and affordable leisure pursuits, and for culturally appropriate intervention programs to help problem gamblers.
移民到美国后，年长的韩国移民可能会增加赌博参与度，且面临更高的问题赌博风险。然而，对于他们在赌博方面的经历和观念，我们知之甚少。本研究的目的是探讨居住在纽约市的年长韩国移民的赌博行为以及关于赌博的共同观念。总共用韩语进行了20次半结构化深度访谈（10名男性和10名女性）。访谈内容逐字转录，并采用主题分析方法进行分析。研究结果揭示了年长韩国移民中的三大类别。第一类是文化观念，有三个子类别（即赌博不道德、害怕成瘾和输光一切），指的是对赌博的负面观念。第二类是适应，指的是他们在适应新的赌博环境过程中形成的积极态度（即无害的休闲方式、应对策略和生活中的刺激感）。最后，他们表现出对赌博的矛盾态度（即赌博环境的变化、“我的赌博”与众不同以及秘密赌博）。总体而言，年长的韩国移民尽管接受了美国合法化的赌博环境并改变了社会规范，但仍保留着他们对赌博的文化观念。然而，他们难以协调自己的观念、行为、价值观与新获得的规范之间的差异。研究结果表明需要提供健康且经济实惠的休闲活动，以及适合文化背景的干预项目来帮助有赌博问题的人。
