Laboratory of Criminalistic Sciences "Carlo Torre", Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Corso Galileo Galilei, 22, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Legal Medicine Unit, Local Health Trust TO5, Piazza Silvio Pellico 1, 10023, Chieri TO, Italy.
Forensic Sci Int. 2020 Sep;314:110387. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110387. Epub 2020 Jun 23.
Violence against women is a violation of human rights, crossing all cultures, classes, levels of education, earnings, ethnic and age groups. We conducted a retrospective study to review forensic records of sexual assault examinations carried out in different Italian health facilities and to correlate these findings with the results of the forensic DNA analyses. The goal was to determine which factors could have affected the obtained results, to identify the fundamental aspects to search for while examining a sexual assault victim in order to gather useful evidence to identify the offender and reconstruct the dynamics of the fact. We analysed 102 cases that occurred between 2006 and 2017, coming from ten participating laboratories. Despite a relatively limited number of cases, this study shows that the ability to ascertain the presence of male biological material in the samples collected is not a problem for forensic laboratories and seems to be influenced by other factors, such as how much time elapsed between the event and the sampling, the availability of the aggressor's biological material on the victim and the identification of biological fluids/stains. Therefore, the need for health structures to adopt specific protocols has been highlighted. It is necessary for health structures to define specific pathways and adopt homogeneous procedures or operational protocols, and it is essential to provide adequate training for health personnel. The results of the study could be useful in drafting and revising protocols/guidelines implemented in Italian hospital. Issues related to the limited number of analyses requested by Italian Authorities are also discussed.
针对妇女的暴力行为是对人权的侵犯，跨越了所有文化、阶级、教育程度、收入、种族和年龄群体。我们进行了一项回顾性研究，审查了在不同意大利医疗机构进行的性侵犯检查的法医记录，并将这些发现与法医 DNA 分析的结果进行了关联。目的是确定哪些因素可能影响了获得的结果，确定在检查性侵犯受害者时需要寻找的基本方面，以收集有用的证据来识别犯罪者并重建事实的动态。我们分析了 2006 年至 2017 年期间来自十个参与实验室的 102 个案例。尽管案例数量相对较少，但这项研究表明，法医实验室确定在采集的样本中是否存在男性生物材料的能力不是问题，而且似乎受到其他因素的影响，例如事件与采样之间的时间间隔、受害者身上攻击者生物材料的可用性以及生物体液/痕迹的识别。因此，凸显了卫生机构采用特定方案的必要性。卫生机构有必要定义特定的途径，并采用统一的程序或操作方案，为卫生人员提供充分的培训。研究结果对于起草和修订意大利医院实施的方案/指南可能有用。还讨论了与意大利当局要求的分析数量有限相关的问题。
