Moebus Susanne, Gruehn Dietwald, Poppen Jonas, Sutcliffe Robynne, Haselhoff Timo, Lawrence Bryce
Institut für Urban Public Health, Universitätsmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
Fakultät Raumplanung, Lehrstuhl Landschaftsökologie und Landschaftsplanung, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2020 Aug;63(8):997-1003. doi: 10.1007/s00103-020-03184-x.
New approaches in urban development are required to transform cities into sustainable places. This demands a higher degree of urban density, which is hardly conceivable without an increase in sound - mostly in the form of noise. To achieve a high level of acceptance for densification, high-quality and acoustically pleasant urban spaces are essential. Noise reduction measures are necessary, but not sufficient. What is needed is a broadening of the perspective of noise. For urban public health we propose the soundscape approach from two different scientific disciplines. Here, sounds are qualities that can be designed in urban spaces and are an important resource for a healthy city. Linking knowledge about the acoustic environment with human perception will significantly improve our understanding of the relationships between urban acoustic environments, urban spatial contexts, and their effects on human health, both qualitatively and quantitatively. However, a systematic application of these approaches to urban soundscapes is still missing, as is the joint implementation of soundscape approaches in noise impact and urban public health research. This paper aims to introduce the terms sound and noise as well as two soundscape approaches. Subsequently, the aims and methods of the acoustic quality and health in urban environments (SALVE) pilot project are presented. The paper provides early insight into the new field of urban sound quality and soundscapes in the context of urban public health.
城市发展需要新方法，将城市转变为可持续发展之地。这需要更高程度的城市密度，而如果不增加声音——大多以噪音形式——这几乎是难以想象的。为了使人们高度接受城市密度增加，高质量且声学上宜人的城市空间至关重要。降噪措施是必要的，但并不充分。需要拓宽对噪音的认识视角。对于城市公共健康，我们从两个不同的科学学科提出声景方法。在此，声音是可以在城市空间中进行设计的特质，并且是健康城市的重要资源。将关于声学环境的知识与人类感知联系起来，将在定性和定量方面显著提升我们对城市声学环境、城市空间背景及其对人类健康影响之间关系的理解。然而，这些方法在城市声景中的系统应用仍然缺失，在噪音影响和城市公共健康研究中联合实施声景方法的情况也是如此。本文旨在介绍声音和噪音这两个术语以及两种声景方法。随后，介绍城市环境中声学质量与健康（SALVE）试点项目的目标和方法。本文在城市公共健康背景下，对城市声音质量和声景这一新领域提供了初步见解。
