Department of Work Science, Business Economics and Environmental Psychology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Slottsvägen 5, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) International Research Fellow Programme, School of Cultural and Creative Studies, Aoyama Gakuin University, Shibuya, Tokyo 4-4-25, Japan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Nov 22;16(23):4648. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16234648.
Landscape architecture and urban design disciplines could benefit from soundscape thinking in order to enhance experiential qualities in their projects, though the available tools are not yet fully developed nor tested. The present research aims to substantiate one of the available tools, Soundscape Actions, and thereby increase the understanding of soundscape design. The study focuses on the Japanese garden tradition, which is known for high preference ratings, tranquil qualities and consideration for sound and other sensory experiences. An autoethnographic approach was used to conduct field studies in 88 gardens in Japan, the majority of which are located in urban areas with potential noise disturbance. The studies are based on observations in situ, supported by video documentation, field recordings and readings of sound pressure levels (SPL). A total of 19 Soundscape Actions are described and discussed in the paper. They are structured around three main categories: localisation of functions, reduction of unwanted sounds and introduction of wanted sounds. The study provides concrete examples of how the tool can be used to enhance tranquil qualities, particularly focusing on small green spaces in dense urban settings, involving the (simultaneous) reduction of unwanted sounds and enhancement of wanted sounds/effects. The autoethnographic approach allowed for the phenomenological perspective to be brought forward, which contributed new insights regarding the design tool. The findings are discussed in relation to health and soundscape research, focusing on multisensory experiences, masking strategies and potentials for implementation and future developments of the design tool.
风景园林和城市设计学科可以从声景思维中受益，以提高其项目的体验质量，尽管可用的工具尚未完全开发和测试。本研究旨在证实可用工具之一的“声景行动”，从而加深对声景设计的理解。本研究侧重于日本园林传统，该传统以高偏好率、宁静品质以及对声音和其他感官体验的考虑而闻名。本研究采用自传体方法在日本的 88 个园林中进行实地研究，其中大多数位于可能存在噪声干扰的城市地区。这些研究基于现场观察，并辅以视频记录、现场录音和声压级（SPL）读数。本文共描述和讨论了 19 种声景行动。它们围绕三个主要类别进行组织：功能定位、减少不需要的声音和引入需要的声音。该研究提供了具体的例子，说明如何使用该工具来提高宁静品质，特别是关注密集城市环境中的小型绿色空间，涉及（同时）减少不需要的声音和增强需要的声音/效果。自传体方法使现象学观点得以提出，这为设计工具提供了新的见解。研究结果结合健康和声景研究进行了讨论，重点关注多感官体验、掩蔽策略以及实施和未来发展设计工具的潜力。
