The impact of the indica rice SSIIa allele on the apparent high amylose starch from rice grain with downregulated japonica SBEIIb.

Catalytically active indica SSIIa allele in high amylose rice with down-regulated japonica SBEIIb can increase starch content and modify the starch structure and properties without changing its amylose content. Rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes with inactive starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) with recessive variants of starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) exhibit a range of alterations in grain phenotype, starch granule morphology, starch granule bound proteins, starch structure, and functional properties. However, the interactions between the two enzymes have not been thoroughly investigated yet. We analysed recombinant rice lines having down-regulated SBEIIb expression (SBEIIb) with either indica or japonica type SSIIa (SSIIa or SSIIa). In SBEIIb rice starch granules, the increased abundance of two protein bands (SSI and SSIIa) was found with eight additional protein bands not generally associated with starch granules. The amount of SSIIa was higher in SSIIaSBEIIb than SSIIaSBEIIb, which indicated that indica type SSIIa, possibly in the monomer form, was extensively involved in starch biosynthesis in the SBEIIb endosperm. Furthermore, SSIIaSBEIIb grains had higher total starch content and higher starch swelling power than SSIIaSBEIIb lines, but the amylopectin gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy and the apparent amylose content remained similar. In summary, this work suggests that SSIIa can partly compensate for the alteration of starch synthesis resulting from the SBEIIb down-regulation in japonica background without reducing its amylose content. The study provides insight into the starch structural and textural improvements of high amylose starch.