Davis Alissa, Pala Andrea Norcini, Gilbert Louisa, Marotta Phillip L, Goddard-Eckrich Dawn, El-Bassel Nabila
Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
Int J Drug Policy. 2020 Sep;83:102843. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102843. Epub 2020 Jul 9.
The United States' opioid crisis disproportionately affects individuals in the criminal justice system. Intimate partners can be a source of social support that helps reduce substance use, or they can serve as a driver of continued or increased substance use. Better understanding of the association between intimate partner characteristics and illicit opioid use and injection drug use among individuals in community supervision could be vital to developing targeted interventions.
Using actor-partner interdependence models, we examined individual and partner characteristics associated with recent illicit opioid use and injection drug use among males in community supervision settings in New York City (n = 229) and their female partners (n = 229).
Higher levels of depression (aOR 1.98, 95% CI [1.39-2.82], p ≤ 0.01) and anxiety (aOR 1.98, 95% CI [1.42-2.75], p ≤ 0.01) were associated with recent opioid use among males in community supervision. Females with a partner having higher levels of anxiety were more likely to have recently used opioids (aOR 1.52, 95% CI [1.06-2.16], p ≤ 0.05). Males with a female partner with higher levels of anxiety (aOR 2.16, 95% CI [1.31-3.56], p ≤ 0.01) or depression (aOR 1.70, 95% CI [1.01-2.86], p ≤ 0.05) were more likely to recently inject drugs. Women with a male partner who had been in prison were more likely to have recently injected drugs (aOR 3.71, 95% CI [1.14-12.12], p ≤ 0.05), but women who had a male partner who had been arrested in the past three months were less likely to have recently injected (aOR 0.08, 95% CI [0.02-0.46], p ≤ 0.01).
Results suggest that recent individual illicit opioid use and injection drug use is associated not only with individual-level factors, but also with partner factors, highlighting the need for couple-based approaches to address the opioid epidemic.
美国的阿片类药物危机对刑事司法系统中的个人影响尤为严重。亲密伴侣可能是有助于减少药物使用的社会支持来源，也可能是导致药物持续使用或增加的驱动因素。更好地了解亲密伴侣特征与社区监管人员非法阿片类药物使用及注射吸毒之间的关联，对于制定有针对性的干预措施可能至关重要。
我们使用行为者-伴侣相互依赖模型，研究了纽约市社区监管环境中男性（n = 229）及其女性伴侣（n = 229）近期非法阿片类药物使用和注射吸毒相关的个人及伴侣特征。
社区监管中的男性，抑郁水平较高（调整后比值比[aOR]为1.98，95%置信区间[CI][1.39 - 2.82]，p≤0.01）和焦虑水平较高（aOR为1.98，95%CI[1.42 - 2.75]，p≤0.01）与近期阿片类药物使用有关。伴侣焦虑水平较高的女性近期使用阿片类药物的可能性更大（aOR为1.52，95%CI[1.06 - 2.16]，p≤0.05）。女性伴侣焦虑水平较高（aOR为2.16，95%CI[1.31 - 3.56]，p≤0.01）或抑郁水平较高（aOR为1.70，95%CI[1.01 - 2.86]，p≤0.05）的男性近期注射毒品的可能性更大。有曾入狱男性伴侣的女性近期注射毒品的可能性更大（aOR为3.71，95%CI[1.14 - 12.12]，p≤0.05），但有在过去三个月内被捕男性伴侣的女性近期注射毒品的可能性较小（aOR为0.08，95%CI[0.02 - 0.46]，p≤0.01）。
结果表明，近期个人非法阿片类药物使用和注射吸毒不仅与个人层面因素有关，还与伴侣因素有关，这凸显了采用基于夫妻的方法来应对阿片类药物流行的必要性。
