Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the genus Rafinesque, 1820 (Teleostei, Leuciscidae) in Turkey.

In this study, the phylogeny of genus distributed in Turkish freshwaters was performed by analyzing mitochondrial cyt gene (1141 bp) and COI gene (1551 bp) sequences from 1172 samples representing 112 populations of 24 species through their geographical distribution. According to our findings, 20 valid species are distributed in Turkey of which 18 have already been known. While six species () have been synonomized, two new species ( sp.1 and sp.2) from Dicle River and Çapraz Stream/Susurluk River have been identified. Extinct species such as . and have not been observed . Phylogenetic tree topologies and haplotype network of the 119 cyt and 80 COI haplotypes detected in species have indicated a consensus tree topology containing twenty lineages, each of corresponding to one species, and three haplogroups corresponding to the geographical origins: Eastern Anatolia (I), Mediterranean (2) and Western & Northern Anatolia (3). The results indicate that the divergence between those haplogroups may have occurred during the Middle Miocene-Middle Pleistocene periods (from 14.9 to 5.29 million years).