Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
Ryogoku Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
Allergol Int. 2020 Oct;69(4):487-495. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.06.004. Epub 2020 Jul 9.
The prevalence of ocular allergies has been increasing worldwide for the past several decades. The geographical distribution and hot spots of rhinoconjunctivitis have been documented in a global survey by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). ISAAC indicated that Africa, Latin America, and Japan were notable for their high prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis. The outcomes of follow-up studies of regional differences and the characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis are summarized in this review. Currently, comorbid diseases and socioeconomic and environmental factors, including climate and air pollution, are proposed to contribute to the regional differences in the prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis. Of them, rhinitis has been shown repeatedly to be significantly associated with allergic conjunctivitis. Their mechanistic aspects on association with the prevalence of systemic allergic diseases have been reviewed by examining the birth cohort or in vitro analyses. A vision threatening form of ocular allergy, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, is prevalent in the African countries and Japan. Of the proposed associated factors, air pollution was shown to contribute not only to aggravating the symptoms but also to the increase in the incidence of its severe forms. Its mechanistic aspects are discussed in this review in the context of comorbid diseases.
在过去几十年中，全球范围内眼部过敏的患病率一直在增加。在儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（ISAAC）的全球调查中，已经记录了鼻结膜炎的地理分布和热点。ISAAC 表明，非洲、拉丁美洲和日本的鼻结膜炎患病率很高。本综述总结了区域性差异的随访研究结果和过敏性结膜炎的特征。目前，共病和社会经济及环境因素，包括气候和空气污染，被认为导致过敏性结膜炎的患病率存在区域性差异。其中，已经反复表明鼻炎与过敏性结膜炎显著相关。通过检查出生队列或体外分析，研究了其与全身性过敏疾病患病率相关的机制方面。一种威胁视力的眼部过敏形式，春季角结膜炎，在非洲国家和日本流行。在提出的相关因素中，空气污染不仅会加重症状，还会增加其严重形式的发病率。本综述讨论了其在共病方面的机制方面。
