Natural Product and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Biomed Chromatogr. 2020 Nov;34(11):e4942. doi: 10.1002/bmc.4942. Epub 2020 Jul 20.
A range of conventional, i.e. maceration, percolation, ultrasonic assisted, Soxhlet and Soxtec extraction (STE), to advanced extraction techniques of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was utilized for the first time in order to optimize the extract yield and recovery of phenolics-gallic acid (GA), rutin (RT) and quercetin (QT)-quantified via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD). The effect of solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol) and temperature (60, 80 and 100°C) upon extraction yield, phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and DPPH) was studied, and the method was validated in commercial food samples from Saudi Arabia, China and India. A high extract yield with percentage recovery was observed for STE (1221.10 mg/5 g; 24.42%) and ASE techniques (91.50 mg/1 g; 9.15%) in methanol at 100°C. UHPLC-DAD showed retention times (min) of 0.67, 1.93 and 1.90 for GA, RT and QT, respectively in the shortest runtime of 3 min. The yield for phenolics was higher for STE/ASE (ppm): 15.27/15.29 (GA), 85.24/37.56 (RT) and 52.20/33.40 (QT), respectively. In terms of antioxidant activities, low IC values (μg/ml) of 1.09/1.18 (DPPH), 2.11/5.32 (ABTS) and 4.35/7.88 (phenazine methosulfate-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) were observed for STE and ASE, respectively. Multivariate analysis for STE showed a significant (P = 0.000) correlation for extraction type vs. extract yield and phenolics content; however, there was no significance for antioxidant activities vs. extraction type. ASE showed a positive correlation for solvent vs. extraction yield, phenolics and antioxidant activity; however, there was no correlation for extraction yield and DPPH activity. Principal component analysis for STE showed a major variability (52.02%) for extraction yield and phenolics in PC1 followed by PC2 (38.30%) for antioxidant activities. For ASE, PC1 (48.68%) showed a positive correlation for solvent vs. extraction yield and phenolics while PC2 (33.12%) showed a positive correlation for temperature and antioxidant activities. STE and ASE were the optimized extraction techniques for the garlic food sample while a significant effect of solvent and temperature was observed upon extraction yield, phenolics and antioxidant activity.
本文首次利用一系列传统的提取方法（如浸提、渗滤、超声辅助提取、索氏提取和索氏提取技术（STE））和先进的加速溶剂提取（ASE）技术，以优化提取产率和酚类物质-没食子酸（GA）、芦丁（RT）和槲皮素（QT）的回收率，并用超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（UHPLC-DAD）进行定量分析。研究了溶剂（正己烷、二氯甲烷和甲醇）和温度（60、80 和 100°C）对提取产率、酚类含量和抗氧化活性（DPPH、ABTS 和 DPPH）的影响，并对来自沙特阿拉伯、中国和印度的商业食品样品进行了方法验证。在 100°C 下，甲醇中 STE（1221.10mg/5g；24.42%）和 ASE 技术（91.50mg/1g；9.15%）的提取产率和百分比回收率较高。UHPLC-DAD 显示 GA、RT 和 QT 的保留时间（min）分别为 0.67、1.93 和 1.90，最短运行时间为 3 分钟。STE/ASE（ppm）的酚类产量较高：GA 分别为 15.27/15.29、RT 为 85.24/37.56 和 QT 为 52.20/33.40。在抗氧化活性方面，STE 的 IC50 值（μg/ml）较低，分别为 1.09/1.18（DPPH）、2.11/5.32（ABTS）和 4.35/7.88（吩嗪甲硫酸盐-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸）。STE 的多元分析表明，提取类型与提取产率和酚类含量呈显著相关（P=0.000）；然而，提取类型与抗氧化活性之间没有显著相关性。ASE 对溶剂与提取产率、酚类物质和抗氧化活性呈正相关；然而，提取产率与 DPPH 活性之间没有相关性。STE 的主成分分析表明，PC1 主要与提取产率和酚类物质（52.02%）的变化有关，其次是 PC2（38.30%）与抗氧化活性有关。对于 ASE，PC1（48.68%）对溶剂与提取产率和酚类物质呈正相关，而 PC2（33.12%）对温度和抗氧化活性呈正相关。STE 和 ASE 是大蒜食品样品的优化提取技术，溶剂和温度对提取产率、酚类物质和抗氧化活性有显著影响。
