Department for Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, Jena, 07743, Germany.
Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany.
Environ Microbiol. 2020 Sep;22(9):3863-3882. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15160. Epub 2020 Aug 3.
Ocean acidification (OA), a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions, strongly impacts marine ecosystems. OA also influences iron (Fe) solubility, affecting biogeochemical and ecological processes. We investigated the interactive effects of CO and Fe availability on the metabolome response of a natural phytoplankton community. Using mesocosms we exposed phytoplankton to ambient (390 μatm) or future CO levels predicted for the year 2100 (900 μatm), combined with ambient (4.5 nM) or high (12 nM) dissolved iron (dFe). By integrating over the whole phytoplankton community, we assigned functional changes based on altered metabolite concentrations. Our study revealed the complexity of phytoplankton metabolism. Metabolic profiles showed three stages in response to treatments and phytoplankton dynamics. Metabolome changes were related to the plankton group contributing respective metabolites, explaining bloom decline and community succession. CO and Fe affected metabolic profiles. Most saccharides, fatty acids, amino acids and many sterols significantly correlated with the high dFe treatment at ambient pCO . High CO lowered the abundance of many metabolites irrespective of Fe. However, sugar alcohols accumulated, indicating potential stress. We demonstrate that not only altered species composition but also changes in the metabolic landscape affecting the plankton community may change as a consequence of future high-CO oceans.
海洋酸化（OA）是人为二氧化碳（CO）排放的结果，强烈影响海洋生态系统。OA 还影响铁（Fe）的溶解度，从而影响生物地球化学和生态过程。我们研究了 CO 和 Fe 供应的相互作用对天然浮游植物群落代谢组响应的影响。我们使用中观模型将浮游植物暴露于大气（390 μatm）或预测到 2100 年的未来 CO 水平（900 μatm），同时暴露于大气（4.5 nM）或高（12 nM）溶解铁（dFe）下。通过对整个浮游植物群落进行积分，我们根据改变的代谢物浓度来分配功能变化。我们的研究揭示了浮游植物代谢的复杂性。代谢图谱显示出对处理和浮游植物动态的三个阶段的反应。代谢组变化与贡献各自代谢物的浮游植物群有关，解释了藻华的衰退和群落演替。CO 和 Fe 影响代谢图谱。大多数糖、脂肪酸、氨基酸和许多甾醇与高 dFe 处理在大气 pCO 下显著相关。高 CO 降低了许多代谢物的丰度，而与 Fe 无关。然而，糖醇积累，表明存在潜在压力。我们证明，不仅物种组成的改变，而且影响浮游植物群落的代谢景观的变化，也可能随着未来高 CO 海洋的出现而改变。
