Department of Medicine, Medical School, Medical College of Wisconsin, CLCC-5th Floor, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
Department of Medicine, Medical School, Medical College of Wisconsin, CLCC-5th Floor, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
J Affect Disord. 2020 Sep 1;274:719-725. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.010. Epub 2020 May 29.
To examine the prevalence of depression and serious psychological distress (SPD) among adult United States (US) immigrants and US-born; and to investigate trends in depression and SPD.
National Health Interview Survey data (2010 - 2016) was analyzed. Chi-square tests were used to measure differences in prevalence of SPD between US-born and immigrants, and differences in prevalence of depression. Logistic regression models were used to measure the association between mental health outcomes (depression, SPD) and predictors (nativity, length of residence). General linear models were used to investigate depression and SPD trends.
101,142 US adults were included in the analysis. Immigrants were found to be 11% (OR 0.89, 95% CI [0.85,0.95]) less likely to suffer from depression compared to US-born. US-born (p<0.0001) had a higher prevalence of depression compared to immigrants, and prevalence of depression decreased overtime (p=0.011) for immigrants and US-born individuals. Immigrants who lived in the US 15+ years were 17% (OR 1.17, 95% CI [1.00,1.36]) more likely to have SPD compared to those who were born in the US. Among immigrants, as length of residence increased the prevalence of SPD (p=0.002) and depression (p<0.0001) increased.
This study examines immigrants as an entire population, not accounting for differences in immigrant status or immigrant ethnicity.
While the prevalence of depression is lower in immigrants compared to US-born, being an immigrant in the US for more than 15 years increases risk of SPD to the point of surpassing that of US-born individuals and increases risk of depression.
调查成年美国（US）移民和土生土长的美国人中抑郁和严重心理困扰（SPD）的患病率；并探讨抑郁和 SPD 的趋势。
分析了国家健康访谈调查数据（2010-2016 年）。使用卡方检验来衡量 SPD 在土生土长的美国人和移民之间的患病率差异，以及抑郁的患病率差异。使用逻辑回归模型来衡量心理健康结果（抑郁、SPD）和预测因素（出生地、居住时间）之间的关联。使用一般线性模型来调查抑郁和 SPD 的趋势。
共纳入 101142 名美国成年人进行分析。与土生土长的美国人相比，移民患抑郁的可能性低 11%（OR 0.89，95%CI [0.85，0.95]）。与移民相比，土生土长的美国人（p<0.0001）有更高的抑郁患病率，而且移民和土生土长的美国人的抑郁患病率随着时间的推移而下降（p=0.011）。在美国居住 15 年以上的移民患 SPD 的可能性比在美国出生的移民高 17%（OR 1.17，95%CI [1.00，1.36]）。在移民中，随着居住时间的增加，SPD（p=0.002）和抑郁（p<0.0001）的患病率增加。
本研究将移民作为一个整体群体进行研究，没有考虑移民身份或移民种族的差异。
虽然移民的抑郁患病率低于土生土长的美国人，但在美国居住 15 年以上会增加患 SPD 的风险，使其超过土生土长的美国人，同时也会增加患抑郁的风险。
