Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Nov;266(Pt 1):115187. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115187. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
The choice of sediment quality assessment methodologies can strongly influence assessment outcomes and management decisions for contaminated sites. While in situ (field) methods may potentially provide greater realism, high costs and/or complex logistics often prevent their use and assessment must rely on laboratory-based methods. In this study, we utilised static-renewal and flow-through ecotoxicology tests in parallel on sediments with a wide range of properties and varying types and concentrations of contaminants. The prediction of chronic effects to amphipod reproduction was explored using multiple linear regression (MLR). The study confirmed the considerable over-estimation of the risk of toxicity of contaminated sediments in field locations when assessments rely on the results of laboratory-based static and static-renewal tests. Improved prediction of toxicity risks was achieved using a combination of contaminant exposure measures from sediment and overlying water. Existing sediment and water quality guideline values (GVs) were effective for predicting risks posed by sediments containing mixtures of common metal and organic contaminants. For 17 sediments with paired data sets from static-renewal and flow-through tests, the best prediction of toxicity to reproduction was achieved using a 2-parameter MLR that included hazard quotients for sediment contaminants and toxic units for dissolved metals (r = 0.892). The inclusion of particle size, organic carbon and acid-volatile sulfide did not improve toxicity predictions, despite these parameters being recognised as modifying contaminant bioavailability. The use of dilute-acid-extractable metal concentrations in place total recoverable metal concentrations did not improve the predictions. The study also confirmed that sediments existing within the estuarine and marine bays of Sydney Harbour pose significant risks of adverse effects to benthic organisms.
沉积物质量评估方法的选择会强烈影响污染场地的评估结果和管理决策。虽然原位（现场）方法可能具有更高的真实性，但高成本和/或复杂的物流通常会阻止其使用，因此评估必须依赖于基于实验室的方法。在这项研究中，我们利用静态更新和流动生态毒理学测试平行对具有广泛性质和不同类型和浓度污染物的沉积物进行了测试。使用多元线性回归（MLR）探索了对端足类动物繁殖的慢性影响的预测。该研究证实，当评估依赖于基于实验室的静态和静态更新测试的结果时，现场位置污染沉积物的毒性风险被严重高估。通过结合沉积物和上覆水中的污染物暴露测量值，可以提高毒性风险的预测能力。现有的沉积物和水质基准值（GVs）可有效预测含有常见金属和有机污染物混合物的沉积物所带来的风险。对于来自静态更新和流动测试的 17 对数据集的沉积物，使用包括沉积物污染物危害商数和溶解金属毒性单位的 2 个参数的 MLR 可以很好地预测对繁殖的毒性（r=0.892）。尽管这些参数被认为是改变污染物生物有效性的参数，但包括粒径、有机碳和可酸提取的硫化物并没有改善毒性预测。使用稀酸可提取的金属浓度代替总可回收金属浓度也不能提高预测能力。该研究还证实，存在于悉尼港河口和海洋湾的沉积物对底栖生物造成了严重的不良影响的风险。
