Department of Basic Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea; Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
J Environ Manage. 2020 Oct 15;272:111044. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111044. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
Herein, TiO nanoparticles were immobilized on the ceramic surface using the sol-gel dip-coating method, which confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Then, a semi-batch reactor containing the prepared ceramic plates, which irradiated by the various UV lights was used for the degradation of the albendazole (ALZ) and metronidazole (MTZ) pharmaceuticals by the photocatalytic ozonation process. The control experiments were performed to compare the photocatalysis, ozonation, photo-ozonation and photocatalytic ozonation processes under the same operational conditions with the UV-A, UV-B and UV-C irradiations. The synergistic effect of photocatalysis and ozonation was observed; moreover, the results revealed that the UV-A/TiO/O had the highest efficiency for the ALZ and MTZ degradation owing to the synergistic heterogeneous reactions (SHRs), which led to more reactive oxygen species (ROS). The MTZ and ALZ degradation were probed by monitoring the dissolved ozone, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide concentrations during the various processes including the UV-A/TiO/O process. The obtained results disclose that the ALZ degradation is lower than the MTZ due to its resistant nature with more direct attacks of the ozone in the bulk solution compared to the MTZ. Furthermore, the various compounds as the holes (h) and ROS scavengers or ozone solubility enhancers were added to the reaction bulk to investigate the exact mechanism of the photocatalytic-ozonation. Eventually, the degradation intermediates of the pharmaceuticals generated in the photocatalytic-ozonation process were successfully recognized by the Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the possible degradation paths were suggested for the degradation of pollutants considering the responsible ROS in each case.
在此，使用溶胶-凝胶浸涂法将 TiO 纳米颗粒固定在陶瓷表面上，这一点通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）得到了证实。然后，在一个半分批式反应器中，放置已制备好的陶瓷板，用各种紫外线照射，通过光催化臭氧氧化法来降解阿苯达唑（ALZ）和甲硝唑（MTZ）药物。进行了对照实验，以在相同的操作条件下，用 UV-A、UV-B 和 UV-C 照射比较光催化、臭氧氧化、光-臭氧氧化和光催化臭氧氧化过程。观察到光催化和臭氧氧化的协同效应；此外，结果表明，由于协同非均相反应（SHRs），UV-A/TiO/O 对 ALZ 和 MTZ 的降解效率最高，这导致了更多的活性氧物种（ROS）。通过监测在各种过程（包括 UV-A/TiO/O 过程）中溶解臭氧、氧气和过氧化氢的浓度，来探测 MTZ 和 ALZ 的降解情况。获得的结果表明，由于 ALZ 具有较强的抗臭氧性，在本体溶液中臭氧的直接攻击比对 MTZ 更多，因此 ALZ 的降解率低于 MTZ。此外，还向反应本体中添加了各种化合物，如空穴（h）和 ROS 清除剂或臭氧溶解度增强剂，以研究光催化-臭氧氧化的准确机理。最后，通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）成功识别了光催化-臭氧氧化过程中生成的药物降解中间体，并根据每种情况下负责的 ROS，提出了用于降解污染物的可能降解途径。
