Szabó Attila-Károly, Várallyay Éva, Demian Emese, Hegyi Anna, Galbács Zsuzsanna Nagyné, Kiss József, Bálint János, Loxdale Hugh D, Balog Adalbert
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu Mureş, Romania.
Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Jun 25;11:684. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00684. eCollection 2020.
In the present study, we conducted field surveys to detect the population density of the most important invasive weed species and their associated virus vectoring aphids in crops grown under high input field (HIF) vs. low-input field (LIF) conditions, with and without fertilizers and pesticides. The most frequent invasive weed species were annual fleabane, (L.), Canadian horseweed, (L.) and Canadian goldenrod, (L.). These species were predominantly hosts of the aphids and under both management systems. The 13% higher coverage of under LIF conditions resulted in a 30% higher abundance and ∼85% higher abundance compared with HIF conditions. To reveal the incidence of virus infection in crop plants and invasive weeds, high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs was performed. Bioinformatics analysis combined with independent validation methods revealed the presence of six viruses, but with strikingly different patterns under LIF and HIF conditions. Their presence without symptoms in invasive weeds and crop plants supports the necessity of employing new approaches to those currently employed in invasive weed management. These findings also suggest that invasive weeds could serve as hosts for local aphid species and reservoirs for plant pathogenic viruses, both under low and high input management systems. In this light, as here demonstrated, viruses transmitted by local aphid species were found to differ between the management systems; hence, the importance of and as virus vectors in particular clearly needs to be re-evaluated. Altogether, we accept that the present study is a pilot one and individual virus vectoring of aphids still needs to be directly tested. Even so, it represents one of the first contributions to this particular area, and thereby paves the way for further similar applied research in the future.
在本研究中，我们进行了实地调查，以检测在高投入农田（HIF）与低投入农田（LIF）条件下，种植有作物且使用或不使用化肥和农药的情况下，最重要的入侵杂草物种及其相关传毒蚜虫的种群密度。最常见的入侵杂草物种是一年蓬（Erigeron annuus (L.)）、小飞蓬（Conyza canadensis (L.)）和加拿大一枝黄花（Solidago canadensis (L.)）。在两种管理系统下，这些物种主要都是蚜虫Aphis gossypii和Myzus persicae的寄主。与HIF条件相比，LIF条件下一年蓬覆盖率高13%，导致Aphis gossypii丰度高30%，Myzus persicae丰度高约85%。为了揭示作物和入侵杂草中病毒感染的发生率，我们对小RNA进行了高通量测序。生物信息学分析结合独立验证方法揭示了六种病毒的存在，但在LIF和HIF条件下呈现出截然不同的模式。它们在入侵杂草和作物中无症状存在，这支持了在入侵杂草管理中采用不同于当前方法的新方法的必要性。这些发现还表明，在低投入和高投入管理系统下，入侵杂草都可能成为当地蚜虫物种的寄主和植物致病病毒的储存库。据此，正如本研究所示，发现当地蚜虫物种传播的病毒在不同管理系统间存在差异；因此，尤其需要重新评估Aphis gossypii和Myzus persicae作为病毒传播媒介的重要性。总体而言，我们承认本研究只是初步探索，蚜虫的单个传毒情况仍需直接测试。即便如此，它仍是该特定领域的首批贡献之一，从而为未来进一步的类似应用研究铺平了道路。
