School of Psychology, Deakin University, Deakin Geelong, Geelong, Australia.
Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
J Gambl Stud. 2021 Jun;37(2):689-710. doi: 10.1007/s10899-020-09959-w.
There are considerable gaps in our understanding of the familial transmission of gambling problems. This convergent mixed-methods study aimed to explore the: (1) sources of heterogeneity in the familial (paternal, maternal, and sibling) transmission of gambling problems; (2) degree to which family-of-origin characteristics are associated with family-of-origin problem gambling; and (3) beliefs of gamblers about the nature of the familial transmission of problem gambling. The sample consisted of 97 treatment-seeking gamblers in Australia. One-quarter (25.5%) of participants reported that at least one family member (16.5% father, 7.5% mother, 7.6% siblings) living with them when they were growing up had a gambling problem. Most participants reported that family members with a positive history of problem gambling were biological relatives, lived with them full-time, and experienced long-term difficulties with gambling. Participants with a family history of problem gambling were young (less than 12 years of age) at the onset of parental, but not sibling, problem gambling, were women, and reported difficulties with the same gambling activity as their family member. Participants raised in families with problem gambling were more likely to report parental separation (risk ratio [RR] = 2.32) and divorce (RR = 2.83), and extreme family financial hardship (RR = 1.80), as well as low levels of paternal authoritative parenting than participants raised in non-problem gambling families. Qualitatively, both social learning and genetics were perceived to play a central role in the familial transmission of gambling problems. These findings inform theories of the familial transmission of gambling problems and the design of targeted prevention and intervention strategies.
我们对赌博问题的家族传播机制理解还存在很大差距。这项收敛混合方法研究旨在探索：(1)赌博问题家族（父系、母系和兄弟姐妹）传播的异质性来源；(2) 原生家庭特征与原生家庭赌博问题的关联程度；(3) 赌徒对赌博问题家族传播本质的信念。样本包括澳大利亚 97 名寻求治疗的赌徒。四分之一（25.5%）的参与者报告说，他们成长过程中有至少一名家庭成员（16.5%父亲、7.5%母亲、7.6%兄弟姐妹）有赌博问题。大多数参与者报告说，有赌博问题阳性家族史的家庭成员是生物学亲属，与他们一起全职生活，并长期遭受赌博困难的困扰。有家族赌博史的参与者在父母（小于 12 岁）出现赌博问题时年龄较小，是女性，并且报告与他们的家庭成员有相同的赌博活动。在有赌博问题的家庭中长大的参与者更有可能报告父母离异（风险比 [RR] = 2.32）和离婚（RR = 2.83），以及极度家庭经济困难（RR = 1.80），以及与非赌博问题家庭相比，父亲的权威养育水平较低。定性研究发现，社会学习和遗传都被认为在赌博问题的家族传播中起着核心作用。这些发现为赌博问题的家族传播理论和有针对性的预防和干预策略的设计提供了信息。
