University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2021 Mar;47(3):455-467. doi: 10.1177/0146167220929203. Epub 2020 Jul 16.
Five experiments investigated a previously unrecognized phenomenon-remembering that one enacted a mundane behavioral decision when one only intended to do so-and its psychological mechanisms. The theoretical conceptualization advanced in this research proposes that this error stems from a misattribution when an intention and a behavior are similar. Intentions and behaviors are similar when the physical aspects of the behavior resemble the intention (e.g., both require similar keystrokes) and when the behavior and the intention share mental contents (e.g., both rely on the same criterion). Experiments 1 and 2 introduced a paradigm with similar intentions and enactments and showed misreports and subsequent performance errors even when controlling for guessing. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated greater confusion when the physical involvement and mental criteria for intention and behavior were similar. Finally, Experiment 5 indicated that monitoring enactment is highly effective at reducing this error and more effective than monitoring intention.
五个实验研究了一种先前未被认识到的现象——当一个人只是打算执行一个平凡的行为决策时，却记住了自己执行了该决策——以及其心理机制。本研究提出的理论概念化认为，这种错误源于意图和行为相似时的错误归因。当行为的物理方面与意图相似（例如，两者都需要类似的按键操作）并且行为和意图具有相同的心理内容（例如，都依赖于相同的标准）时，意图和行为就相似了。实验 1 和 2 引入了一个具有相似意图和行为的范式，并表明即使在控制猜测的情况下，也会出现错误报告和随后的表现错误。实验 3 和 4 表明，当意图和行为的物理参与和心理标准相似时，会出现更大的混淆。最后，实验 5 表明，监控行为的执行非常有效地减少了这种错误，并且比监控意图更有效。
