Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Jul 14;20(14):3921. doi: 10.3390/s20143921.
This work presents a systematic approach to determining the significance of the individual factors affecting the analytical performance of in-situ film electrode (FE) for the determination of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II). Analytical parameters were considered simultaneously, where the lowest limit of quantification, the widest linear concentration range, and the highest sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the method evidenced a better analytical method. Significance was evaluated by means of a fractional factorial (experimental) design using five factors, i.e., the mass concentrations of Bi(III), Sn(II), and Sb(III), to design the in situ FE, the accumulation potential, and the accumulation time. Next, a simplex optimization procedure was employed to determine the optimum conditions for these factors. Such optimization of the in situ FE showed significant improvement in analytical performance compared to the in situ FEs in the initial experiments and compared to pure in situ FEs (bismuth-film, tin-film, and antimony-film electrodes). Moreover, using the optimized in situ FE electrode, a possible interference effect was checked for different species and the applicability of the electrode was demonstrated for a real tap water sample.
本工作提出了一种系统的方法来确定影响原位膜电极（FE）分析性能的各个因素的意义，用于测定 Zn(II)、Cd(II)和 Pb(II)。同时考虑了分析参数，方法的最低定量下限、最宽的线性浓度范围以及最高的灵敏度、准确性和精密度表明了更好的分析方法。通过使用五个因素（Bi(III)、Sn(II)和 Sb(III)的质量浓度、积累电位和积累时间）的部分因子（实验）设计来评估其显著性。然后，采用单纯形优化程序来确定这些因素的最佳条件。与初始实验中的原位 FE 和纯原位 FE（铋膜、锡膜和锑膜电极）相比，这种原位 FE 的优化显著改善了分析性能。此外，使用优化后的原位 FE 电极检查了不同物种的可能干扰影响，并证明了该电极在实际自来水样品中的适用性。
