Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University and BKH Günzburg, Günzburg, Germany.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021 Mar;67(2):168-174. doi: 10.1177/0020764020942797. Epub 2020 Jul 16.
Persons with schizophrenia are vulnerable regarding human rights violations.
The aim of this research is to systematically analyse judgements by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) involving persons with schizophrenia.
A systematic search of judgements by the ECtHR, using the search term 'schizophrenia'. Descriptive statistics and a qualitative thematic analysis were performed.
A total of = 105 judgements were included, originating in = 29 countries. Article 5 (Right to liberty and security) of the European Convention on Human Rights was ruled by the ECtHR to have been violated in 45.7% of judgements, Article 3 (Prohibition of torture) in 20.0% and Article 8 (Right to respect for private and family life) in 19.0%. Relevant themes were inadequate access to mental health care, especially in prisons and during police operations, involuntary confinement, detention and ill-treatment as a risk factor for psychosis, the right to family life versus the rights of others, extradition/expulsion and protection of other persons' human rights against violent behaviour by persons with schizophrenia.
Persons with schizophrenia often do not receive adequate treatment and are especially vulnerable in prisons, where ill-treatment can be an additional risk factor. They can have both offender and victim status. The judgements suggest that the ECtHR has a balanced view on involuntary confinement. National legislation and internal hospital guidelines should be written in a manner to help minimise human rights violations against persons with schizophrenia.
精神分裂症患者易遭受侵犯人权行为的伤害。
本研究旨在对欧洲人权法院（ECHR）涉及精神分裂症患者的判决进行系统分析。
使用“schizophrenia”一词，对 ECHR 的判决进行系统搜索。采用描述性统计和定性主题分析方法。
共纳入了 105 项来自 29 个国家的判决。ECHR 裁定，欧洲人权公约第 5 条（人身自由和安全权）在 45.7%的判决中被违反，第 3 条（禁止酷刑）在 20.0%的判决中被违反，第 8 条（尊重私人和家庭生活权）在 19.0%的判决中被违反。相关主题包括获得精神卫生保健的机会不足，尤其是在监狱和警察行动中；非自愿监禁、拘留和虐待是精神病的一个风险因素；家庭生活权与他人权利的关系；引渡/驱逐以及保护其他人的人权以防精神分裂症患者的暴力行为。
精神分裂症患者通常得不到充分的治疗，在监狱中尤其脆弱，在监狱中遭受虐待可能是一个额外的风险因素。他们可能同时具有犯罪者和受害者的身份。这些判决表明，ECHR 对非自愿监禁持平衡的看法。国家立法和内部医院准则的制定应以尽量减少侵犯精神分裂症患者人权的行为为目标。
