Research and Development department, Metagenics, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, USA.
Research and Development department, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
J Diet Suppl. 2020;17(5):625-650. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1790708. Epub 2020 Jul 17.
In recent years, the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in various cardiovascular conditions has been a subject of great interest. The ECS is composed of cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands, also known as endocannabinoids, and enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids. Several lines of evidence suggest that the ECS plays a complex role in cardiac and vascular systems; however, under normal physiological conditions the functions of the ECS are limited. Overactivation of components of the ECS has been associated with various cardiovascular conditions. Intriguingly, activation of the ECS may also reflect a cardioprotective compensatory mechanism. With this knowledge, a range of naturally occurring and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists, as well as inhibitors of endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes have emerged as promising approaches for the treatment or management of cardiovascular health. This review will first focus on the known role of the ECS in regulating the cardiovascular system. Secondly, we discuss emerging data highlighting the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring non-psychoactive ECS modulators within the cardiovascular system, including phytocannabinoids, terpenes, and the endocannabinoid-like molecule palmitoylethanolamide.
近年来，内源性大麻素系统（ECS）在各种心血管疾病中的作用一直是研究的热点。ECS 由大麻素受体、其内源性配体（也称为内源性大麻素）以及负责内源性大麻素合成和降解的酶组成。有几条证据表明，ECS 在心脏和血管系统中发挥着复杂的作用；然而，在正常生理条件下，ECS 的功能是有限的。ECS 成分的过度激活与各种心血管疾病有关。有趣的是，ECS 的激活也可能反映出一种心脏保护的代偿机制。有了这些知识，一系列天然存在的和合成的大麻素受体激动剂和拮抗剂，以及内源性大麻素代谢酶的抑制剂，已成为治疗或管理心血管健康的有前途的方法。这篇综述首先将重点介绍 ECS 在调节心血管系统方面的已知作用。其次，我们讨论了新出现的数据，强调了天然存在的非精神活性 ECS 调节剂在心血管系统中的治疗潜力，包括植物大麻素、萜烯和内源性大麻素样分子棕榈酰乙醇酰胺。
