SAMBA (SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy, via Verdi, 10, 10124 Turin, Italy.
NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria, 17, 37129 Verona, Italy.
Conscious Cogn. 2020 Sep;84:102984. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102984. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
Intentional Binding (IB), a subjective compression of the time interval between a voluntary action and its consequence, is an implicit measure of the sense of agency (the feeling of controlling one's own actions and their outcomes). The sense of agency is influenced by experience, e.g. learning, development, or learned contingency. The present study aimed at analyzing expertise - an expert competence acquired through experience alone - as a possible means to affect the sense of agency. We compared performance of expert pianists and non-musicians within the IB paradigm with two types of sensory outcome - a piano note and an electronic sound. Pianists showed significantly greater outcome binding and composite binding for both types of stimuli. Therefore, musical expertise might influence the sense of agency, possibly due to continuous exposure to action-outcome associations during the musical training. Additionally, such effect might extend beyond the specific expertise to the other types of auditory outcomes.
意图绑定（IB）是对自愿行为与其结果之间时间间隔的主观压缩，是对主体间性（控制自己的行为及其结果的感觉）的一种内隐测量。主体间性受经验的影响，例如学习、发展或习得的偶然性。本研究旨在分析专业知识——通过经验获得的专家能力——作为影响主体间性的一种可能手段。我们在 IB 范式内比较了专家钢琴家和非音乐家的表现，以及两种类型的感觉结果——钢琴音符和电子声音。钢琴家在两种类型的刺激下表现出明显更大的结果绑定和复合绑定。因此，音乐专业知识可能会影响主体间性，这可能是由于在音乐训练中不断接触到动作-结果的关联。此外，这种效果可能会扩展到特定的专业知识之外，延伸到其他类型的听觉结果。
