Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Jul 15;11(7):797. doi: 10.3390/genes11070797.
Itaconic acid is an immunoregulatory metabolite produced by macrophages in response to pathogen invasion. It also exhibits antibacterial activity because it is an uncompetitive inhibitor of isocitrate lyase, whose activity is required for the glyoxylate shunt to be operational. Some bacteria, such as encode enzymes that can degrade itaconic acid and therefore eliminate this metabolic inhibitor. Studies, primarily with subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium, have demonstrated the presence of similar genes in this pathogen and the importance of these genes for the persistence of the pathogen in murine hosts. This minireview demonstrates that, based on Blast searches of 1063 complete genome sequences, not all Salmonella serovars possess these genes. It is also shown that the growth of isolates that do not possess these genes is sensitive to the acid under glucose-limiting conditions. Interestingly, most of the serovars without the three genes, including serovar Typhi, harbor DNA at the corresponding genomic location that encodes two open reading frames that are similar to bacteriocin immunity genes. It is hypothesized that these genes could be important for that finds itself in strong competition with other in the intestinal tract-for example, during inflammation.
衣康酸是巨噬细胞在受到病原体入侵时产生的一种免疫调节代谢物。它还具有抗菌活性，因为它是异柠檬酸裂解酶的非竞争性抑制剂，而该酶的活性对于乙醛酸支路的运作是必需的。一些细菌，如 ，编码能够降解衣康酸的酶，从而消除这种代谢抑制剂。研究主要针对 亚种肠炎沙门氏菌，表明该病原体存在类似的基因，这些基因对于病原体在鼠宿主中的持续存在很重要。这篇综述表明，根据对 1063 个完整 基因组序列的 Blast 搜索，并非所有沙门氏菌血清型都具有这些基因。研究还表明，不具有这些基因的 分离株的生长对葡萄糖限制条件下的酸敏感。有趣的是，大多数没有这三个基因的血清型，包括伤寒血清型，在相应的基因组位置都有 DNA，编码两个与细菌素免疫基因相似的开放阅读框。据推测，这些基因可能对 很重要，因为它在肠道中与其他 处于激烈竞争中，例如在炎症期间。
