Kite M E, Johnson B T
Purdue University.
Psychol Aging. 1988 Sep;3(3):233-44. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.3.3.233.
Attitudes toward the elderly have been examined in a number of empirical studies, yet the question of whether the elderly are viewed more negatively than younger persons has not been resolved. A meta-analysis of the literature was conducted to examine this question; results demonstrated that attitudes toward the elderly are more negative than attitudes toward younger people. However, smaller differences between the evaluations of elderly and younger targets were found when (a) the study used measures of personality traits (compared with measures of competence), (b) there were a larger number of dependent measures included in the effect size, (c) specific information was provided about the target person (compared with when a general target such as old person was used), and (d) a between-subjects design (compared with a within-subjects design) was used. These results support Lutsky's (1981) conclusion that age, in and of itself, seems to be less important in determining attitudes toward the elderly than other types of information. The methodological limitations within the literature and a need to consider multiple components of attitudes toward older individuals are discussed.
一些实证研究探讨了对老年人的态度，但老年人是否比年轻人受到更负面评价的问题尚未得到解决。为此进行了一项文献荟萃分析来研究这个问题；结果表明，对老年人的态度比对年轻人的态度更负面。然而，当（a）研究使用人格特质测量方法（与能力测量方法相比），（b）效应量中包含的相关测量数量较多，（c）提供了关于目标人物的具体信息（与使用“老年人”等一般目标时相比），以及（d）采用被试间设计（与被试内设计相比）时，对老年人和年轻人目标评价之间的差异较小。这些结果支持了卢茨基（1981）的结论，即年龄本身在决定对老年人的态度方面似乎不如其他类型的信息重要。文中还讨论了文献中的方法局限性以及考虑对老年人态度的多个组成部分的必要性。
