Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Behav Brain Res. 2020 Sep 15;394:112812. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112812. Epub 2020 Jul 16.
Contextual regularities help us make sense of our visual environment. In scenes, semantically consistent objects are typically better recognized than inconsistent ones (e.g., a toaster vs. printer in a kitchen). What is the role of object and scene orientation in this so-called scene consistency effect? We presented consistent and inconsistent objects either upright (Experiment 1) or inverted (rotated 180°; Experiment 2) on upright, inverted, and scrambled background scenes. In Experiment 1, on upright scenes, consistent objects were recognized with higher accuracy than inconsistent ones, and we observed N300/N400 event-related potentials (ERPs) reflecting object-scene semantic processing. No such effects were observed for inverted or scrambled scenes. In Experiment 2, on both upright and inverted scenes, consistent objects were recognized with higher accuracy than inconsistent ones. Moreover, inconsistent objects on upright scenes triggered N300/N400 responses. Interestingly, no N300 but only an N400 deflection was found for inconsistent objects on inverted scenes. No effects were observed for scrambled scenes. These data suggest that while upright scenes modulate recognition irrespective of object orientation, inverted scenes only modulate the recognition of inverted objects. In ERPs, we found further evidence that inverted scenes can affect semantic object processing, with contextual influences occurring later in time, possibly driven by delayed or impaired scene gist processing. Mere object inversion does not seem to explain the later emergence of contextual influences. Taken together, the results suggest that the orientation of objects and scenes as well as their relationship to each other can influence ongoing object identification.
语境规律有助于我们理解视觉环境。在场景中，语义一致的物体通常比不一致的物体更容易被识别（例如，厨房中的烤面包机与打印机）。在这种所谓的场景一致性效应中，物体和场景的方向起着什么作用？我们在垂直、倒置和打乱的背景场景中呈现垂直和倒置的一致和不一致的物体（实验 1）。在实验 1 中，在垂直场景中，一致的物体比不一致的物体具有更高的识别准确性，并且我们观察到反映物体-场景语义处理的 N300/N400 事件相关电位（ERP）。对于倒置或打乱的场景，没有观察到这种效果。在实验 2 中，在垂直和倒置场景上，一致的物体比不一致的物体具有更高的识别准确性。此外，在垂直场景上的不一致物体引发了 N300/N400 反应。有趣的是，在倒置场景上的不一致物体仅发现 N400 偏转而没有 N300，而在打乱的场景上则没有发现任何效果。这些数据表明，虽然垂直场景无论物体方向如何都能调节识别，但倒置场景仅能调节倒置物体的识别。在 ERP 中，我们发现进一步的证据表明倒置场景可以影响语义物体处理，语境影响在时间上更晚出现，可能是由于场景要点处理延迟或受损所致。仅仅物体倒置似乎不能解释语境影响的出现较晚。总的来说，结果表明物体和场景的方向及其相互关系可以影响正在进行的物体识别。
