Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Center (NWRC), Cairo, Egypt.
Chemosphere. 2020 Dec;260:127551. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127551. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Semi-arid countries continue to face water scarcity, especially with the current global climatic changes. This scarcity has continuously increased over the last five decades in countries like Egypt, Syria, Libya and Jordan, where the agriculture sector consumes more than 85% of the country's water resources. The problem of water scarcity in Egypt is further challenged by high levels of urbanization, increasing industrial uses, and the high cost of advanced treatment processes. These challenges lead to the utilization of untreated or poorly treated wastewater for irrigation of agricultural crop fields. Thus, the current study proposes the use of an eco-friendly technology consisting of a constructed wetland planted with Typha latifolia and Cyperus papyrus supported with zeolite substrate for water purification, to curb this challenge. The results showed that, the removal efficiency of COD, BOD, TSS, and ammonia were 68.5%, 71%, 70%, and 82.3%, respectively by Typha latifolia bed. On the other hand, the removal efficiency of COD, BOD, TSS and ammonia were 85.5%, 86.2%, 83.9% and 92.3% respectively by Cyperus papyrus bed. As a result, bacteriological parameters were reduced to 99.9%, and complete removal of Salmonella sp was achieved during three days by Cyperus papyrus. Box-Behnken design was utilized to optimize independent factors, including contact time (24-72h) and initial concentration of metals (15-45 mg L) and their responses. The removal efficiency of Cu and Zn were 72% and 84%, respectively of the optimum reaction time (72 h), with 16 plant stems and an initial metal concentration of 15 mg L.
半干旱国家继续面临水资源短缺问题，特别是在当前全球气候变化的情况下。在埃及、叙利亚、利比亚和约旦等国，农业部门消耗了该国 85%以上的水资源，过去五十年间，这些国家的水资源短缺情况持续加剧。埃及的水资源短缺问题因城市化水平高、工业用途不断增加以及先进处理工艺成本高昂而进一步加剧。这些挑战导致未经过处理或处理不佳的废水被用于灌溉农业作物田。因此，本研究提出使用一种由种植了香蒲和纸莎草的人工湿地与沸石基质组成的环保技术来解决这一问题。研究结果表明，香蒲床对 COD、BOD、TSS 和氨的去除效率分别为 68.5%、71%、70%和 82.3%。另一方面，纸莎草床对 COD、BOD、TSS 和氨的去除效率分别为 85.5%、86.2%、83.9%和 92.3%。因此，细菌学参数降低到 99.9%，且在三天内通过纸莎草完全去除了沙门氏菌。采用 Box-Behnken 设计优化了包括接触时间（24-72 小时）和金属初始浓度（15-45mg/L）在内的独立因素及其响应。在最佳反应时间（72 小时）、16 根植物茎和 15mg/L 的初始金属浓度下，Cu 和 Zn 的去除效率分别为 72%和 84%。
