Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Jan 15;402:123460. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123460. Epub 2020 Jul 12.
Considerable efforts have been made to develop effective and sustainable catalysts, e.g., carbon-/biochar-based catalyst, for the decontamination of organic pollutants in water/wastewater. Most of the published studies evaluated the catalytic performance mainly upon degradation efficiency of parent compounds; however, comprehensive and field-relevant performance assessment is still in need. This review critically analysed the performance indicators for carbon-/biochar-based catalytic degradation from the perspectives of: (1) degradation of parent compounds, i.e., concentrations, kinetics, reactive oxidative species (ROS) analysis, and residual oxidant concentration; (2) formation of intermediates and by-products, i.e., intermediates analysis, evolution of inorganic ions, and total organic carbon (TOC); and (3) impact assessment of treated samples, i.e., toxicity evolution, disinfection effect, and biodegradability test. Five most frequently detected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) (sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and acetaminophen) were selected as a case study to articulate the performance indicators for a holistic evaluation of carbon-/biochar-based catalytic degradation. This review also encourages the development of alternative performance indicators to facilitate the rational design of catalysts in future studies.
人们已经做出了相当大的努力来开发有效的和可持续的催化剂，例如基于碳/生物炭的催化剂，用于水/废水中有机污染物的净化。大多数已发表的研究主要评估了母体化合物的降解效率来评估催化性能；然而，仍然需要全面和与现场相关的性能评估。本综述从以下几个方面批判性地分析了基于碳/生物炭的催化降解的性能指标：（1）母体化合物的降解，即浓度、动力学、反应性氧化物种（ROS）分析和残留氧化剂浓度；（2）中间产物和副产物的形成，即中间产物分析、无机离子的演变和总有机碳（TOC）；以及（3）处理样品的影响评估，即毒性演变、消毒效果和生物降解性测试。选择了五种最常检测到的药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）（磺胺甲恶唑、卡马西平、布洛芬、双氯芬酸和对乙酰氨基酚）作为案例研究，阐述了基于碳/生物炭的催化降解的整体评估的性能指标。本综述还鼓励开发替代性能指标，以方便在未来研究中对催化剂进行合理设计。
