Dhankhar Jyoti, Agrawal Namita, Shrivastava Anju
Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
J Neuroimmunol. 2020 Jul 6;346:577302. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577302.
Neurodegeneration, the slow and progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system has become a major challenge to public health worldwide particularly with elderly people. Until recently, the brain and immune system were studied exclusively, independent of each other representing two distinct systems. Recent studies ensue crosstalk between these two systems to maintain homeostasis. Though the progressive loss of specific neuronal subsets is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease, emerging evidences indicate that immune response also plays a critical role in disease progression. Due to conservation of mechanisms that govern neural development and innate immune activation in flies and humans, and availability of powerful genetic tools, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the best model organisms to investigate the immune response in neurodegenerative disease. Owing to significant homology between human and Drosophila immune system and recent reports on interplay between immune system and neurodegenerative disease progression, the main focus of the review is to develop a comprehensive understanding of how neuro-immune interactions contribute to neurodegeneration using Drosophila as a model system.
神经退行性变，即中枢神经系统中神经元的缓慢渐进性丧失，已成为全球公共卫生面临的一项重大挑战，尤其是对老年人而言。直到最近，大脑和免疫系统一直被分别独立研究，它们代表两个截然不同的系统。最近的研究揭示了这两个系统之间存在相互作用以维持体内平衡。尽管特定神经元亚群的渐进性丧失是神经退行性疾病的一个标志，但新出现的证据表明免疫反应在疾病进展中也起着关键作用。由于果蝇和人类在神经发育和固有免疫激活机制上的保守性，以及强大的遗传工具的可用性，果蝇是研究神经退行性疾病免疫反应的最佳模式生物之一。由于人类和果蝇免疫系统之间存在显著同源性，以及最近关于免疫系统与神经退行性疾病进展之间相互作用的报道，本综述的主要重点是利用果蝇作为模型系统，全面了解神经免疫相互作用如何导致神经退行性变。
