Rongviriyapanich Chantima, Sakunchit Thanarat, Sudla Chirawat, Mungkung Supamas, Pongnapang Napapong, Yeong Chai Hong
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Radiology, Mueang Narai Hospital, Lopburi, Thailand.
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020 Dec;63(12):491-498. doi: 10.3345/cep.2019.01676. Epub 2020 Jul 13.
Renal size is an important indicator in the diagnosis of renal diseases and urinary tract infections in children.
The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it aimed to measure the renal length and calculate the renal volume of normal Thai children using 2-dimensional ultrasonography (2D-US) and study their correlations with somatic parameters. Second, it aimed to compare the age-specific renal size of normal Thai children with the published data of their Western and Chinese counterparts.
A total of 321 children (150 boys, 171 girls; age, 6-15 years) with a normal renal profile were prospectively recruited. All subjects underwent 2D-US by an experienced pediatric radiologist and the renal length, width, and depth were measured. Renal volume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula as recommended. The data were compared between the left and right kidneys, the sexes, and various somatic parameters. The age-specific renal lengths were compared using a nomogram derived from a Western cohort that is currently referred by many Thailand hospitals, while the renal volumes were compared with the published data of a Chinese cohort.
No statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was found between sexes or the right and left kidneys. The renal sizes had strong correlations with height, weight, body surface area, and age but not with body mass index. The renal length of the Thai children was moderately correlated (r=0.59) with that of the Western cohort, while the age-specific renal volume was significantly smaller (P<0.05) than that of the Chinese children.
Therefore, we concluded that the age-specific renal length and volume obtained by 2D-US would vary between children in different regions and may not be suitably used as an international standard for diagnosis, although further studies may be needed to confirm our findings.
肾脏大小是儿童肾脏疾病和尿路感染诊断中的一项重要指标。
本研究有两个目的。其一，旨在使用二维超声检查（2D-US）测量正常泰国儿童的肾脏长度并计算其肾脏体积，并研究它们与身体参数的相关性。其二，旨在将正常泰国儿童的年龄特异性肾脏大小与其西方和中国同龄人已发表的数据进行比较。
前瞻性招募了321名肾脏轮廓正常的儿童（150名男孩，171名女孩；年龄6至15岁）。所有受试者均由经验丰富的儿科放射科医生进行2D-US检查，并测量肾脏的长度、宽度和深度。按照推荐的椭圆体公式计算肾脏体积。对左右肾脏、不同性别以及各种身体参数的数据进行比较。使用许多泰国医院目前参考的一个西方队列得出的列线图比较年龄特异性肾脏长度，同时将肾脏体积与一个中国队列已发表的数据进行比较。
在性别之间或左右肾脏之间未发现统计学上的显著差异（P<0.05）。肾脏大小与身高、体重、体表面积和年龄密切相关，但与体重指数无关。泰国儿童的肾脏长度与西方队列的肾脏长度呈中度相关（r=0.59），而年龄特异性肾脏体积显著小于中国儿童（P<0.05）。
因此，我们得出结论，尽管可能需要进一步研究来证实我们的发现，但通过2D-US获得的年龄特异性肾脏长度和体积在不同地区的儿童中可能会有所不同，可能不适宜用作国际诊断标准。
