Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Castelló, Spain.
The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2020 Dec 1;299:113555. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113555. Epub 2020 Jul 18.
Understanding the differential roles of the pituitary gonadotropins Fsh and Lh in gonad maturation is crucial for a successful manipulation of the reproductive process in fish, and requires species-specific tools and appropriate active hormones. With the increasing availability of fish cDNAs coding for gonadotropin subunits, the production of recombinant hormones in heterologous systems has gradually substituted the approach of isolating native hormones. These recombinant hormones can be continually produced without depending on the fish as starting material and no cross-contamination with other pituitary glycoproteins is assured. Recombinant gonadotropins should be produced in eukaryotic cells, which have glycosylation capacity, but this post-translational modification varies greatly depending on the cell system, influencing hormone activity and stability. The production of recombinant gonadotropin beta-subunits to be used as antigens for antibody production has allowed the development of immunoassays for quantification of gonadotropins in some fish species. The administration in vivo of dimeric homologous recombinant gonadotropins has been used in basic studies and as a biotechnological approach to induce gametogenesis. In addition, gene-based therapies using somatic transfer of the gonadotropin genes have been tested as an alternative for hormone delivery in vivo. In summary, the use of homologous hormonal treatments can open new strategies in aquaculture to solve reproductive problems or develop out-of-season breeding programs.
了解垂体促性腺激素 Fsh 和 Lh 在性腺成熟中的差异作用对于成功操纵鱼类生殖过程至关重要，这需要特定于物种的工具和适当的活性激素。随着编码促性腺激素亚基的鱼类 cDNA 的日益普及，在异源系统中生产重组激素已逐渐取代了分离天然激素的方法。这些重组激素可以持续生产，而不依赖于鱼类作为起始材料，并且可以确保与其他垂体糖蛋白无交叉污染。重组促性腺激素应在具有糖基化能力的真核细胞中产生，但这种翻译后修饰在很大程度上取决于细胞系统，影响激素的活性和稳定性。重组促性腺激素β亚基的生产可作为生产抗体的抗原，这使得可以在一些鱼类物种中开发用于定量测定促性腺激素的免疫测定法。体内给予二聚体同源重组促性腺激素已被用于基础研究和作为生物技术方法来诱导配子发生。此外，使用体细胞核转移的促性腺激素基因的基因治疗已被测试作为体内激素传递的替代方法。总之，同源激素处理的使用可以为水产养殖中的解决生殖问题或开发非季节性繁殖计划开辟新的策略。
