Electrically driven nematic flow in microfluidic devices containing a temperature gradient.

Fluid pumping principle has been developed utilizing the interaction, on the one hand, between the electric field E and the gradient ∇n[over ̂] of the director's field, and, on the other hand, between the ∇n[over ̂] and the temperature ∇T gradient arising in a homogeneously aligned liquid crystal (HALC) microfluidic channel. Calculations, based upon the nonlinear extension of the classical Ericksen-Leslie theory, with accounting the entropy balance equation, show that due to the coupling among the ∇T, ∇n,[over ̂] and E in the HALC microfluidic channel the horizontal flow v=v_{x}i[over ̂]=ui[over ̂] may be excited. The direction and magnitude of v is influenced both by the heat flux q across the microfluidic channel and the strength of the electric field E. The results of calculations showed that the dependence of the maximum value of the equilibrium velocity distribution |u_{max}(E/E_{th})| across the LC channel versus electric field E/E_{th} is characterized by maximum value at E/E_{th}=2.0. In the case when the electric field E≫E_{th}, the horizontal flow of the LC material completely stops and a novel mechanism of converting of the electric field in the form of the kinklike wave reorientation of the director field n[over ̂] can be excited in the LC channel.