Greer Dennis H, Sicard Sylvie M
National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
Funct Plant Biol. 2009 Jul;36(7):645-653. doi: 10.1071/FP09037.
Assessing the impacts of environmental stresses on plant growth and productivity requires an understanding of the growth processes and the carbon economy that underpins this growth. Potted grapevines of the Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon were grown in a controlled environment and canopy growth; leaf, bunch and stem extension and net photosynthesis were routinely measured from budbreak to harvest. Allometric relationships enabled dry matter to be determined and, with net photosynthesis, used to determine the shoot carbon economy. Stems, leaves and bunches all followed a sigmoid growth pattern with leaves and stems allocated similar amounts of biomass and carbon while bunches had twice as much. Rates of carbon sequestered as biomass exceeded rates of carbon acquisition through net photosynthesis for over 25 days after budbreak. Despite the high demand for biomass in bunch growth, rates of carbon sequestration actually declined and overall, the vines maintained a positive carbon balance throughout the period of bunch growth. The Semillon shoots relied on carbon reserves to commence growth then produced a 53% carbon surplus after leaf (9%), stem (10%) and bunch (28%) growth demands were satisfied. This suggests these vines also allocated carbon to reserves to sustain the next season's growth.
评估环境胁迫对植物生长和生产力的影响，需要了解生长过程以及支撑这种生长的碳经济。对酿酒葡萄品种赛美蓉的盆栽葡萄进行可控环境种植，并从萌芽到收获期间定期测量树冠生长、叶片、果穗和茎的伸长以及净光合作用。异速生长关系可用于确定干物质，并结合净光合作用来确定新梢的碳经济。茎、叶和果穗均呈现S形生长模式，叶片和茎分配的生物量和碳量相似，而果穗的生物量和碳量是它们的两倍。在萌芽后超过25天的时间里，作为生物量的碳固存速率超过了通过净光合作用获取碳的速率。尽管果穗生长对生物量的需求很高，但碳固存速率实际上下降了，总体而言，葡萄藤在整个果穗生长期间保持了正碳平衡。赛美蓉新梢依靠碳储备开始生长，在满足叶片（9%）、茎（10%）和果穗（28%）的生长需求后，产生了53%的碳盈余。这表明这些葡萄藤也将碳分配到储备中以维持下一季的生长。
