Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
European Association for Palliative Care, Vilvoorde, Belgium.
J Palliat Med. 2020 Dec;23(12):1571-1585. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0119. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
The World Health Organization recommends that "palliative care should be integrated as a routine element of all Undergraduate Medical Education." However, the provision of training for medical undergraduates is variable; only 18% of 51 European countries have mandatory training in palliative medicine. EDUPALL is an ERASMUS+ funded international collaborative project to develop and pilot an undergraduate program for training in palliative medicine. The objective of this study was to critically review and revise current European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) Recommendations for the Development of Undergraduate Curricula in Palliative Medicine and translating these into an updated curriculum document. Clinicians, academics, and researchers from Romania, Ireland, Germany, Austria, Spain, and the United Kingdom reviewed the EAPC recommendations using a variant of consensus methodology, Nominal Group Technique. From the updated document, four working-groups translated each recommendation into a specific learning objective, and developed associated learning outcomes, stratified by domain: attitude, cognition, and skills. The outcomes and objectives were organized into discrete teaching units and transferred into a curriculum template, identifying notional hours, teaching, and assessment strategies. To ensure quality control, the draft template was circulated to experts from 17 European countries, together with a brief survey instrument, for peer review purposes. All 17 reviewers returned overwhelmingly positive comments. There was large agreement that: the teaching units were logically organized; learning outcomes covered core training needs; learning objectives provided guidance for teaching sessions; learning modalities were appropriately aligned; and assessment strategies were fit for purpose. An updated and standardized curriculum was developed, which provides a platform for the sequential development of the next phases of the EDUPALL project.
世界卫生组织建议“姑息治疗应作为所有本科医学教育的常规内容加以整合”。然而，为医学生提供培训的情况各不相同；在 51 个欧洲国家中，只有 18%的国家强制开设姑息治疗医学培训课程。EDUPALL 是一个由欧盟“伊拉斯谟+”计划资助的国际合作项目，旨在开发并试点一门姑息医学本科培训课程。本研究的目的是批判性地审查和修订现行欧洲姑息治疗协会（EAPC）关于姑息医学本科课程发展的建议，并将其转化为更新后的课程文件。来自罗马尼亚、爱尔兰、德国、奥地利、西班牙和英国的临床医生、学者和研究人员使用共识方法变体（名义群体技术）审查了 EAPC 建议。从更新后的文件中，四个工作组将每项建议翻译成具体的学习目标，并根据领域制定相关的学习成果：态度、认知和技能。这些成果和目标被组织成离散的教学单元，并转化为课程模板，确定虚拟课时、教学和评估策略。为了确保质量控制，将模板草案分发给来自 17 个欧洲国家的专家，并附上一份简短的调查工具，供同行评审。所有 17 名评审员都给予了压倒性的积极评价。他们一致认为：教学单元组织合理；学习成果涵盖了核心培训需求；学习目标为教学环节提供了指导；学习模式与教学目的相匹配；评估策略切合实际。制定了一个更新和标准化的课程，为 EDUPALL 项目的下一阶段的顺序发展提供了平台。
