Gonzalez-Gomez Nayeli, Nazzi Thierry
Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité & CNRS.
Infancy. 2012 Sep;17(5):498-524. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2011.00104.x. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
Languages instantiate many different kinds of dependencies, some holding between adjacent elements and others holding between nonadjacent elements. In the domain of phonology-phonotactics, sensitivity to adjacent dependencies has been found to appear between 6 and 10 months. However, no study has directly established the emergence of sensitivity to nonadjacent phonological dependencies in the native language. The present study focuses on the emergence of a perceptual Labial-Coronal (LC) bias, a dependency involving two nonadjacent consonants. First, Experiment 1 shows that a preference for monosyllabic consonant-vowel-consonant LC words over CL (Coronal-Labial) words emerges between 7 and 10 months in French-learning infants. Second, two experiments, presenting only the first or last two phonemes of the original stimuli, establish that the LC bias at 10 months cannot be explained by adjacent dependencies or by a preference for more frequent coronal consonants (Experiment 2a & b). At 7 months, by contrast, infants appear to react to the higher frequency of coronal consonants (Experiment 3a & b). The present study thus demonstrates that infants become sensitive to nonadjacent phonological dependencies between 7 and 10 months. It further establishes a change between these two ages from sensitivity to local properties to nonadjacent dependencies in the phonological domain.
语言体现了许多不同类型的依存关系，有些存在于相邻元素之间，有些则存在于非相邻元素之间。在音系学-音位结构规则领域，对相邻依存关系的敏感性已被发现出现在6至10个月之间。然而，尚无研究直接证实对母语中非相邻音系依存关系的敏感性的出现。本研究聚焦于一种感知上的唇-冠（LC）偏好的出现，这是一种涉及两个非相邻辅音的依存关系。首先，实验1表明，在学习法语的婴儿中，7至10个月大时会出现对单音节辅音-元音-辅音LC单词而非CL（冠-唇）单词的偏好。其次，两个实验，仅呈现原始刺激的第一个或最后两个音素，证实10个月大时的LC偏好不能用相邻依存关系或对更频繁出现的冠音的偏好来解释（实验2a和b）。相比之下，7个月大时，婴儿似乎对冠音的较高频率有反应（实验3a和b）。因此，本研究表明婴儿在7至10个月之间对非相邻音系依存关系变得敏感。它进一步证实了在这两个年龄段之间，在音系领域从对局部特征的敏感性到对非相邻依存关系的转变。
