Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Department of Conservation Science, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Ecol Lett. 2020 Oct;23(10):1537-1549. doi: 10.1111/ele.13573. Epub 2020 Jul 22.
Tropical birds are purported to be longer lived than their temperate counterparts, but it has not been shown whether avian survival rates covary with latitude worldwide. Here, we perform a global-scale meta-analysis of 949 estimates from 204 studies of avian survival and demonstrate that a latitudinal survival gradient exists in the northern hemisphere, is dampened or absent for southern hemisphere species, and that differences between passerines and nonpasserines largely drive these trends. We also show that while extrinsic factors related to climate were poor predictors of apparent survival compared to latitude alone, the relationship between apparent survival and latitude is strongly mediated by intrinsic traits - large-bodied species and species with smaller clutch size had the highest apparent survival. Our findings reveal that differences among intrinsic traits and whether species were passerines or nonpasserines surpass latitude and its underlying climatic factors in explaining global patterns of apparent avian survival.
热带鸟类据称比温带鸟类寿命更长，但尚未证明全球范围内鸟类的存活率是否与纬度有关。在这里，我们对来自 204 项鸟类生存研究的 949 项估计值进行了全球范围的荟萃分析，结果表明在北半球存在一个纬度生存梯度，而在南半球的物种中，这种梯度减弱或不存在，并且雀形目动物和非雀形目动物之间的差异在很大程度上导致了这些趋势。我们还表明，与单独的纬度相比，与气候有关的外在因素对明显存活率的预测较差，而明显存活率与纬度之间的关系受到内在特征的强烈调节——体型较大的物种和具有较小卵群大小的物种具有最高的明显存活率。我们的研究结果表明，在解释全球鸟类明显生存模式时，内在特征的差异以及物种是雀形目动物还是非雀形目动物超过了纬度及其潜在的气候因素。
