Department of Health Policy and Management, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Health Soc Care Community. 2021 Mar;29(2):404-415. doi: 10.1111/hsc.13100. Epub 2020 Jul 22.
This article is devoted to convincing policy makers to use good practices in encouraging older people to pursue adequate and effective health policies. Long-term scientific research focused on the effects of health promotion programmes is rarely undertaken, although its scope is still expanding. At the same time, it is strongly desirable to form health policy based on scientific evidence. In this situation, an indication of good practices characterised by precisely defined features and their systematic evaluation could be an alternative to an insufficient number of empirical studies. The first step of the methodology was a literature review on health promotion for older people, aimed at defining good practices and criteria used for their selection. The authors searched the following databases: PubMED, Embase and Cochrane Library, as well as international databases dedicated to health promotion programmes for older people (e.g. Age-friendly World (https://extranet.who.int/agefriendlyworld/age-friendly-practice-database-launched); HealthProElderly (www.healthproelderly.com/database/index.php?id=16); JA-CHRODIS (www.chrodis.eu); EuroHealthNet (www.eurohealthnet.eu) and ProFouND; (www.profound.eu.com). As relevant health policy information is usually available in national languages, the authors then approached national experts in 10 European countries, who filled in a dedicated survey on health promotion programmes for older people and indicated examples of good practices from their countries. Practical evidence, based on real implemented programmes, is valuable as inspiration for health promotion programmes, their planning and management. Selecting good practices from among implemented and evaluated actions makes it possible to establish their value. The significance of good practices in health promotion is to deliver real benefits and health effects for a target group, which, in the case of evident benefits, renders the practices credible and worthy of further dissemination. The EU already successfully shares good practices in migrant health and environmental protection. Creating databases on good practices helps policy makers promote the sustainability of already implemented activities and enhances their applicability by other organisations and in different settings.
本文致力于说服政策制定者在鼓励老年人制定充分和有效的健康政策方面采用良好做法。尽管健康促进计划的长期科学研究范围仍在扩大，但很少进行长期科学研究。与此同时，基于科学证据制定健康政策是非常可取的。在这种情况下，以明确规定的特征为特征并对其进行系统评估的良好做法的指示，可以替代数量不足的经验研究。该方法的第一步是对老年人健康促进进行文献回顾，旨在定义良好做法和用于选择良好做法的标准。作者检索了以下数据库：PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane Library，以及专门针对老年人健康促进计划的国际数据库（例如，Age-friendly World（https://extranet.who.int/agefriendlyworld/age-friendly-practice-database-launched）；HealthProElderly（www.healthproelderly.com/database/index.php?id=16）；JA-CHRODIS（www.chrodis.eu）；EuroHealthNet（www.eurohealthnet.eu）和 ProFouND（www.profound.eu.com）。由于相关健康政策信息通常以本国语言提供，因此作者随后联系了 10 个欧洲国家的本国专家，他们填写了一份关于老年人健康促进计划的专门调查，并从本国选择了良好实践的示例。基于实际实施计划的实践证据对于健康促进计划、其规划和管理具有启发价值。从已实施和评估的行动中选择良好实践，可以确定其价值。健康促进中良好实践的重要性在于为目标群体带来实际利益和健康效果，在明显利益的情况下，使实践具有可信度和值得进一步传播。欧盟已经成功地在移民健康和环境保护方面共享良好做法。创建良好实践数据库有助于政策制定者促进已经实施的活动的可持续性，并通过其他组织和不同环境提高其适用性。
