Differential Response of , , , and Species to the Nematicide Fluazaindolizine.

This research focused on the effects of fluazaindolizine on a diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes. In microwell assays, 24-h dose-response curves were generated for several species and populations of , , , , and . In a greenhouse study, the impact of fluazaindolizine on fecundity of , , and was tested by exposing nematodes for 24 h in solution and inoculating on tomato. The average 24-h EDs (dose that resulted in the immobility of 50% of exposed nematodes) for , , and were 325.7, 223.4, and 100.7 ppm, respectively. had the most variation among populations, with 24-h EDs ranging from 72 to 788 ppm. had the lowest 24-h ED at 30 ppm. spp. were unaffected by fluazaindolizine. was the only species where effects of fluazaindolizine were reversible, but had a 24-h ED that fell in the range of the spp. In the greenhouse study, was the least sensitive with reproduction reaching 62% of the untreated control after a pre-exposure to 47 ppm, whereas and at the same exposure dose had reproduction rates of 27 and 36% of the untreated control, respectively. Despite varying in in vitro responses to fluazaindolizine, reproduction of all spp. was suppressed after only 24 h of exposure. This study expanded our understanding of how , , , and respond to fluazaindolizine.