Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Hawaii Maui College, Kahului, HI, 96732, USA.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 23;10(1):12279. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68924-0.
Approximately 380,000 underway measurements of sea surface salinity, temperature, and carbon dioxide (CO) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) were compiled from the Surface Ocean CO Atlas (SOCAT) to provide a comprehensive observational analysis of spatiotemporal CO dynamics from 1996 to 2017. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) was used to derive the main drivers of spatial and temporal variability in the dataset. In open and coastal waters, drivers were identified as a biological component linked to riverine water, and temperature seasonality. Air-sea flux estimates indicate the GoM open (- 0.06 ± 0.45 mol C m year) and coastal (- 0.03 ± 1.83 mol C m year) ocean are approximately neutral in terms of an annual source or sink for atmospheric CO. Surface water pCO in the northwest and southeast GoM open ocean is increasing (1.63 ± 0.63 µatm year and 1.70 ± 0.14 µatm year, respectively) at rates comparable to those measured at long-term ocean time-series stations. The average annual increase in coastal CO was 3.20 ± 1.47 µatm year for the northwestern GoM and 2.35 ± 0.82 µatm year for the west Florida Shelf. However, surface CO in the central (coastal and open) GoM, which is influenced by Mississippi and Atchafalaya River outflow, remained fairly stable over this time period.
从表面海洋 CO 图集（SOCAT）中编译了大约 38 万次墨西哥湾（GoM）海面盐度、温度和二氧化碳（CO）的进行中测量值，以提供 1996 年至 2017 年 CO 时空动态的综合观测分析。经验正交函数（EOF）用于推导数据集空间和时间变异性的主要驱动因素。在开阔和沿海水域，驱动因素被确定为与河流水和温度季节性相关的生物成分。空气-海洋通量估计表明，GoM 开阔（-0.06±0.45 mol C m 年）和沿海（-0.03±1.83 mol C m 年）海洋在大气 CO 的年源或汇方面大致呈中性。GoM 开阔海域西北部和东南部的表层水 pCO 正在增加（分别为 1.63±0.63 µatm 年和 1.70±0.14 µatm 年），与长期海洋时间序列站测量的速度相当。GoM 西北部和佛罗里达西部陆架的 CO 年平均增长率分别为 3.20±1.47 µatm 年和 2.35±0.82 µatm 年。然而，受密西西比河和阿查法拉亚河流出影响的 GoM 中部（沿海和开阔）的表层 CO 在这段时间内相对稳定。
